Biology:Adenomera andreae
| Adenomera andreae | |
|---|---|
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Scientific classification 
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| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Amphibia |
| Order: | Anura |
| Family: | Leptodactylidae |
| Genus: | Adenomera |
| Species: | A. andreae
|
| Binomial name | |
| Adenomera andreae (Müller, 1923)
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| Synonyms | |
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Leptodactylus andreae Müller, 1923 | |
Adenomera andreae (common name: lowland tropical bullfrog, Göldi's thin-toed frog, rana dedilarga de Göldi) is a species of frog in the family Leptodactylidae.
It is found in the lowlands of northern South America east of the Andes (Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, French Guiana, Guyana, Peru, Suriname, and Venezuela).[2][3] As currently defined, it probably represents a cryptic species complex,[2] comprising perhaps four species.[4]
Description
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Adenomera andreae are small frogs, usually less than 30 mm (1.2 in) in adult body length. Dorsum is grayish brown to beige, occasionally with dark brown spots, and rarely with a vertebral dark brown stripe and/or dorsolateral orangish yellow stripe. The ventral surfaces are white. Iris is chestnut.[5]
Eggs are laid in foam nests on the ground.[6] Tadpoles are terrestrial: they are endotrophic and develop in the nest. Recruitment of juveniles is synchronized with rainfall.[7]
Its predators include large tarantulas.[8]
Habitat
This terrestrial frog lives in lowland primary forest with well-drained soil. Scientists saw the frog between 0 and 400 m (0 and 1,312 ft) above sea level. Many subpopulations live in protected areas.[1]
Threats
The IUCN classifies this frog as least concern of extinction. However, it is subject to habitat loss and habitat and population fragmentation from clear-cutting. The fungus Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis has been detected in these frogs and confirmed to cause clinical symptoms of chytridiomycosis, but it is not clear if the disease is lethal to this species.[1]
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 IUCN Amphibian Specialist Group (2023). "Lowland Tropical Bullfrog: Adenomera andreae". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species (The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species) 2023: e.T56304A3037679. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2023-1.RLTS.T56304A3037679.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/56304/3037679. Retrieved January 28, 2026.{{cite iucn}}: error: malformed |id= identifier (help)
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Enrique La Marca, Claudia Azevedo-Ramos, Luis A. Coloma, Santiago Ron (2004). "Adenomera andreae". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2004. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2004.RLTS.T56304A11453385.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/56304/11453385. Retrieved 17 November 2021.
- ↑ Frost, Darrel R. (2014). "Adenomera andreae (Müller, 1923)". Amphibian Species of the World: an Online Reference. Version 6.0. American Museum of Natural History. http://research.amnh.org/vz/herpetology/amphibia/Amphibia/Anura/Leptodactylidae/Leptodactylinae/Adenomera/Adenomera-andreae.
- ↑ Frost, Darrel R. (2014). "Adenomera Steindachner, 1867". Amphibian Species of the World: an Online Reference. Version 6.0. American Museum of Natural History. http://research.amnh.org/vz/herpetology/amphibia/Amphibia/Anura/Leptodactylidae/Leptodactylinae/Adenomera.
- ↑ Cole, C. J.; Townsend, C. R.; Reynolds, R. P.; MacCulloch, R. D.; Lathrop, A. (2013). "Amphibians and reptiles of Guyana, South America: Illustrated keys, annotated species accounts, and a biogeographic synopsis". Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 125 (4): 317–578. doi:10.2988/0006-324X-125.4.317.
- ↑ "Adenomera andreae". Amphibiaweb. University of California, Berkeley. December 5, 2007. https://amphibiaweb.org/species/3299.
- ↑ Glória Moreira; Albertina P. Lima (1991). "Seasonal patterns of juvenile recruitment and reproduction in four species of leaf litter frogs in central Amazonia". Herpetologica 47 (3): 295–300.
- ↑ Naish, Darren. "Tiny Frogs and Giant Spiders: Best of Friends" (in en). https://blogs.scientificamerican.com/tetrapod-zoology/tiny-frogs-and-giant-spiders-best-of-friends/.
Wikidata ☰ Q948964 entry
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