Biology:Aleocharinae

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Short description: Subfamily of beetles

Aleocharinae
Temporal range: Earliest Cenomanian–Holocene, 98.8–0 Ma[1]
Aleochara lanuginosa.jpg
Aleochara lanuginosa
Scientific classification e
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Arthropoda
Class: Insecta
Order: Coleoptera
Family: Staphylinidae
Subfamily: Aleocharinae
Fleming, 1821
Synonyms
  • Aleocharidae Fleming, 1821[2]
Lomechusa pubicollis lives in the nest of the ant Formica rufa.

The Aleocharinae are one of the largest subfamilies of rove beetles, containing over 12,000 species. Previously subject to large-scale debate whether the subfamily deserved the familial status, it is now considered one of the largest subfamilies of rove beetles.[3][4]

Description

The Aleocharinae are generally small to minute beetles, as they can reach a maximum length of about 10 mm (0.4 in), but usually they are 3–5 mm (0.12–0.20 in) long, with a few species of 1 mm (0.04 in), among the smallest of beetles. The body is usually slender, often densely and finely punctured; the head is more or less round and the color may be light or dark brown, reddish-brown, or black, sometimes with contrasting colors of red, yellow, and black.[4]

Anatomy

Because of the size of the subfamily, their anatomy is extremely variable. However, a few key features are shared by all rove beetles. All members have antennae with 10 or 11 segments. The antennal insertion is posterior to a line drawn between the anterior margins of the eyes or anterior to a line drawn between the anterior margins of the eyes. The tarsal segments vary from 2-2-2 to 4-5-5.

Distribution and habitat

Rove beetles belonging to this subfamily are distributed throughout the world in almost all terrestrial habitats. They are commonly predators in soil communities and leaf litter, frequently inquilines in ant and termite nests or associated with mushrooms and fungi.[4]

Ecology

This subfamily is common on all terrestrial habitats. It is collected through several methods, including the use of UV light, emergence chambers, sifting, using Berlese organic material, and pitfall traps.

The biology of the subfamily is complex. Many species are highly specialized, thus are prone to extinction. Free-living, parasitic, herbivorous, carnivorous, fungivorous, flying, walking, running, swimming, social, and solitary forms are known, but their life histories are almost unknown at the species level.

Systematics

This subfamily is one of the largest rove beetle subfamilies, containing 52 tribes, over 1000 genera, and over 12000 described species (about 1385 known from North America). This subfamily is a taxonomically difficult groups of beetles.[4]

Tribes and selected genera

Below is a list of all the tribes and some selected genera.[4][5]

  • Tribe Actocharini Bernhauer & Schubert, 1911
  • Tribe Aenictoteratini Kistner, 1993
  • Tribe Akatastopsisini Pace, 2000
  • Tribe Aleocharini Fleming, 1821
  • Tribe Antillusini Pace, 2012
  • Tribe Athetini Casey, 1910 [6]
  • Tribe Australestesini Pace, 2016
  • Tribe Autaliini Thomson, 1859
  • Tribe Boreocyphini Klimaszewski & Langor, 2011
  • Tribe Cordobanini Bernhauer, 1910
  • Tribe Corotocini Fenyes, 1918
    • Abroteles
    • Affinoptochus
    • Australoptochus
    • Austrospirachtha
    • Cavifronexus
    • Coatonachthodes
    • Corotoca
    • Eburniogaster
    • Eburniola
    • Eutermitoptochus
    • Fonsechellus
    • Fulleroxenus
    • Hospitaliptochus
    • Idiogaster
    • Idioptochus
    • Lacessiptochus
    • Leucoptochus
    • Melanoptochus
    • Millotoca
    • Mormellus
    • Nasutimimus
    • Nasutiptochus
    • Nasutitella
    • Neoguinella
    • Neotermitogaster
    • Nigriphilus
    • Oecidiophilus
    • Oideprosoma
    • Paracorotoca
    • Parvidolum
    • Perlinctus
    • Ptocholellus
    • Reginamimus
    • Rhadinoxenus
    • Sphuridaethes
    • Spirachtha
    • Spirachthodes
    • Termella
    • Termitella
    • Termitellodes
    • Termitochara
    • Termitocupidus
    • Termitogaster
    • Termitoiceus
    • Termitoides
    • Termitomimus
    • Termitomorpha
    • Termitonasus
    • Termitonidia
    • Termitophya
    • Termitopithus
    • Termitoptochus'
    • Termitoptocinus
    • Termitopula
    • Termitopullus
    • Termitosius
    • Termitosuga
    • Termitosyne
    • Termitosynodes
    • Termitozophilus
    • Termituncula
    • Thyreoxenus
    • Timeparthenus
    • Trachopeplus
    • Tumulipcinus
    • Xenogaster
    • Xenopelta
  • Tribe Crematoxenini Mann 1921[7]
  • Tribe Cryptonotopseini Pace, 2003
  • Tribe Diestotini Mulsant & Rey, 1871
  • Tribe Diglottini Jacobson, 1909
    • Diglotta Champion, 1887
    • Paradiglotta Ashe & Ahn, 2005
  • Tribe Digrammini Fauvel, 1900
    • Digrammus Fauvel, 1900
  • Tribe Dorylogastrini Wasmann 1916
    • Berghoffia Kistner, 2003
    • Dorylocratus
    • Dorylogaster
  • Tribe Dorylomimini Wasmann 1916
    • Dorylocratus
    • Dorylomimus
    • Dorylonannus
    • Jeanneliusa
  • Tribe Drepanoxenini Kistner & Watson, 1972
  • Tribe Ecitogastrini
    • Ecitogaster
  • Tribe Eusteniamorphini Bernhauer & Scheerpeltz, 1926
  • Tribe Falagriini Mulsant & Rey, 1873
    • Anaulacaspis Ganglbauer, 1895
    • Borboropora Kraatz, 1862
    • Cordalia Jacobs, 1925
    • Falagria Samouelle, 1819
    • Falagrioma Casey, 1906
    • Flavipennis Cameron, 1920
    • Myrmecocephalus MacLeay, 1871
    • Myrmecopora Saulcy, 1865
  • Tribe Feldini Kistner, 1972
  • Tribe Geostibini Seevers, 1978
  • Tribe Gymnusini Heer, 1839 [8]
  • Tribe Himalusini Klimaszewski, Pace & Center, 2010
  • Tribe Homalotini Heer, 1839
  • Tribe Hoplandriini Casey, 1910
  • Tribe Hygronomini Thomson, 1859
  • Tribe Hypocyphtini Laporte de Castelnau, 1835 (= Oligotini Thomson, 1859)
  • Tribe Leucocraspedini Fenyes, 1921
  • Tribe Liparocephalini Fenyes, 1918
  • Tribe Lomechusini Fleming, 1821 (= Myrmedoniini Thomson, 1867)
  • Tribe Masuriini Cameron, 1939
  • Tribe Mesoporini Cameron, 1959
  • Tribe Mimanommatini Wasmann, 1912
  • Tribe Mimecitini Wasmann, 1917
  • Tribe Myllaenini Ganglbauer, 1895
  • Tribe Oxypodini Thomson, 1859
  • Tribe Oxypodinini Fenyes, 1921
  • Tribe Paglini Newton & Thayer, 1992
  • Tribe Paradoxenusini Bruch, 1937
  • Tribe Pediculotini Ádám, 1987
  • Tribe Philotermitini[9]
      • Philotermes Kraatz, 1857
      • Pseudophilotermes Bernhauer, 1934
  • Tribe Phyllodinardini Wasmann, 1916
  • Tribe Phytosini Thomson, 1867
    • Arena Fauvel, 1862
    • Phytosus Curtis, 1838
  • Tribe Placusini Mulsant & Rey, 1871
  • Tribe Pronomaeini Mulsant & Rey, 1873
  • Tribe Pseudoperinthini Cameron, 1939
  • Tribe Pygostenini Fauvel, 1899
  • Tribe Sahlbergiini Kistner, 1993
  • Tribe Sceptobiini Seevers, 1978[10]
  • Tribe Skatitoxenini Kistner & Pasteels, 1969
  • Tribe Tachyusini Thomson, C. G., 1859
  • Tribe Taxicerini Lohse, 1989
  • Tribe Termitodiscini Wasmann, 1904
    • Termitodiscus Wasmann, 1899
    • Termitogerrus Bernhauer, 1932
  • Tribe Termitohospitini Seevers, 1941
    • Coptotermocola Kanao, Eldredge & Maruyama, 2012
    • Neotermitosocius Kanao, Eldredge & Maruyama, 2012
    • Termitobra Seevers, 1957
    • Termitohospes Seevers, 1941
    • Termitosocius Seevers, 1941
    • Termitosodalis Seevers, 1941
  • Tribe Termitonannini Fenyes, 1918
  • Tribe Termitopaediini Seevers, 1957 [11]
    • Coatonipulex Kistner, 1977
    • Dioxeuta Sharp, 1899
    • Macrotermophila Kistner, 1973
    • Macrotoxenus Kistner, 1968
    • Paratermitopulex Kistner, 1977
    • Physomilitaris Kistner, 1977
    • Protermitobia Seevers, 1957
    • Termitolinus Wasmann, 1911
    • Termitonda Seevers, 1957
    • Termitopaedia Wasmann, 1911
    • Termitotecna Wasmann, 1912
    • Termitotropha Wasmann, 1899
    • Termozyras Cameron, 1930
  • Tribe Termitusini Fenyes, 1918
    • Termitana Fairmaire, 1899
    • Termitoecia Bernhauer, 1920
    • Termitospectrum Mann, 1926
    • Termitusa Wasmann, 1905
    • Termitusodes Pasteels, 1967
  • Tribe Trichopseniini LeConte & Horn 1883
  • Tribe Trilobitideini Fauvel, 1899
    • Trilobitideus Raffray, 1898


Gallery

Bibliography

  • Ferro, M. L., M. L. Gimmel, K. E. Harms, and C. E. Carlton. 2012a. Comparison of the Coleoptera communities in leaf litter and rotten wood in Great Smoky Mountains National Park, USA. Insecta Mundi 259: 1–58. [1]
  • Newton, A. F., Jr., M. K. Thayer, J. S. Ashe, and D. S. Chandler. 2001. 22. Staphylinidae Latreille, 1802. p. 272–418. In: R. H. Arnett, Jr., and M. C. Thomas (eds.). American beetles, Volume 1. CRC Press; Boca Raton, Florida. ix + 443 p.
  • Ashe, J. S. 2005: Phylogeny of the tachyporine group subfamilies and 'basal' lineages of the Aleocharinae (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae) based on larval and adult characteristics. Systematic entomology, 30: 3–37. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-3113.2004.00258.
  • Thomas, J. C. 2009: A preliminary molecular investigation of aleocharine phylogeny (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae). Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 102: 189–195. doi: 10.1603/008.102.0201

References

  1. ↑ Yamamoto, Shûhei; Maruyama, Munetoshi; Parker, Joseph (2016). "Evidence for social parasitism of early insect societies by Cretaceous rove beetles". Nature Communications 7: 13658. doi:10.1038/ncomms13658. PMID 27929066. Bibcode: 2016NatCo...713658Y. 
  2. ↑ Biolib
  3. ↑ Newton, A. F., Jr., M. K. Thayer, J. S. Ashe, and D. S. Chandler. 2001. 22. Staphylinidae Latreille, 1802. p. 272–418. In: R. H. Arnett, Jr., and M. C. Thomas (eds.). American beetles, Volume 1. CRC Press; Boca Raton, Florida. ix + 443 p.
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 James S. Ashe (1947–2005) Tree of life University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas, USA
  5. ↑ Family-group Names in Coleoptera (Insecta), p. 18
  6. ↑ Elven, Hallvard; Bachmann, Lutz; Gusarov, Vladimir I. (2012). "Molecular phylogeny of the Athetini–Lomechusini–Ecitocharini clade of aleocharine rove beetles (Insecta)". Zoologica Scripta 41 (6): 617–636. doi:10.1111/j.1463-6409.2012.00553.x. PMID 23316099. 
  7. ↑ "Crematoxenini Report". https://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=724462. 
  8. ↑ Yamamoto, Shûhei; Maruyama, Munetoshi (2018). "Phylogeny of the rove beetle tribe Gymnusinisensu n.(Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Aleocharinae): Implications for the early branching events of the subfamily". Systematic Entomology 43: 183–199. doi:10.1111/syen.12267. https://resjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/syen.12267. 
  9. ↑ "Tree of Life, Philotermitini". http://tolweb.org/Philotermitini/9861. 
  10. ↑ "Sceptobiini Report". https://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=724461. 
  11. ↑ Cladistic analysis and taxonomic revision of the termitophilous tribe Termitopaediini (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae) with remarks on their evolution and the behavior of some species. Sociobiology (1977). Volume: 2, Issue: 4, Pages: 297—304

External links

Wikidata ☰ Q1953097 entry



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