Biology:Aquilegia viridiflora
| Aquilegia viridiflora | |
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| Aquilegia viridiflora in flower in Henfield, UK | |
Scientific classification 
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| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Clade: | Tracheophytes |
| Clade: | Angiosperms |
| Clade: | Eudicots |
| Order: | Ranunculales |
| Family: | Ranunculaceae |
| Genus: | Aquilegia |
| Species: | A. viridiflora
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| Binomial name | |
| Aquilegia viridiflora Pall.
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| Synonyms[1] | |
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Aquilegia viridiflora, commonly known as the green columbine[2] or green-flowered columbine,[3] is a perennial flowering plant in the family Ranunculaceae, native to southern Siberia, northern China, Mongolia, and Japan.[1]
Description
Aquilegia viridiflora is a herbaceous perennial[4] growing to 15 to 50 cm (5.9 to 19.7 in) tall, with hairy or glandular stems which often branch towards the top. It has few basal leaves, which are biternate and mostly smooth with stalks of up to 18 cm (7.1 in). It produces 3–7 nodding flowers measuring 1.5–2 cm (0.6–0.8 in) across which are either yellowish-green (in the variety viridiflora) or dark purple (atropurpurea). The sepals and petals measure 1.5 cm (0.6 in) or less and the petals have straight or slightly incurved nectar spurs of 1.2 to 1.8 cm (0.5 to 0.7 in) length.[5]
Taxonomy
There are two named varieties, distinguished by the colour of the flowers:[5]
- A. viridiflora var. atropurpurea (Willd.) Finet & Gagnep.[6] which is native to Mongolia, Siberia, and Hebei, southern Liaoning, Nei Mongol, eastern Qinghai, southern Shandong, and Shanxi provinces in China.[5][7] It has purple flowers.
- A. viridiflora var. viridiflora, which is native to China (Gansu, Hebei, Heilongjiang, Hubei, Jilin, Liaoning, Nei Mongol, Ningxia, Shaanxi, Shandong, and Shanxi provinces), Japan, Mongolia, and Siberia. It has yellow-green flowers. Some authorities consider A. viridiflora var. viridiflora to be a synonym of A. viridiflora rather than a variety thereof.[8]
The synonym Aquilegia canadensis is not to be confused with Aquilegia canadensis L., which is a different species of Aquilegia.[9]
A. viridiflora 'Chocolate Soldier' is a cultivar with chocolate-brown flowers.[10] It grows up to 30 cm (12 in) tall.[11]
Distribution and habitat
Aquilegia viridiflora is native to Japan, Mongolia, Russia (Buryatia, Tuva, and Zabaykalsky Krai in southern Siberia and the Amur Oblast in the Russian Far East[12]), and to the Gansu, Hebei, Heilongjiang, Hubei, Jilin, Liaoning, Nei Mongol, Ningxia, eastern Qinghai, Shaanxi, Shandong, and Shanxi provinces in northern China. It grows in forests, grassy slopes, in damp places and by streams, at altitudes between 200 and 2,400 m (660 and 7,870 ft).[5]
Ecology
Aquilegia viridiflora flowers from May to July,[5] and is pollinated by early spring bees of the genus Anthophora.[13]
Conservation
As of November 2024[update], the species has not been assessed for the IUCN Red List.[14]
Uses
Aquilegia viridiflora is grown as an ornamental plant.[15]
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 "Aquilegia viridiflora Pall.." (in en). Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. http://www.plantsoftheworldonline.org/taxon/1709047-1. Retrieved 26 November 2024.
- ↑ "Aquilegia viridiflora (Columbine, Green Columbine)". https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/aquilegia-viridiflora/.
- ↑ "Aquilegia viridiflora | green-flowered columbine". Royal Horticultural Society. http://www.rhs.org.uk/Plants/1425/Aquilegia-viridiflora/Details.
- ↑ "Aquilegia viridiflora". https://www.missouribotanicalgarden.org/PlantFinder/PlantFinderDetails.aspx?taxonid=286249.
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 Dezhi, Fu; Robinson, Orbélia R., "Aquilegia viridiflora", Flora of China, 6, http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=200007523, retrieved 26 November 2024
- ↑ "Aquilegia viridiflora var. atropurpurea". National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI). https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?id=1506457. Retrieved 26 November 2024.
- ↑ "Aquilegia viridiflora var. atropurpurea". Royal Horticultural Society. http://www.rhs.org.uk/Plants/259257/i-Aquilegia-viridiflora-i-var-i-atropurpurea-i/Details.
- ↑ "Aquilegia viridiflora var. viridiflora". http://www.worldfloraonline.org/taxon/wfo-0001264671.
- ↑ "Aquilegia canadensis L.." (in en). Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. http://www.plantsoftheworldonline.org/taxon/30028287-2. Retrieved 26 November 2024.
- ↑ "Aquilegia viridiflora 'Chocolate Soldier'" (in en). https://www.gardenersworld.com/plants/aquilegia-viridiflora-chocolate-soldier/.
- ↑ "Chocolate plants - in pictures" (in en-GB). The Guardian. 2012-04-06. ISSN 0261-3077. https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/gallery/2012/apr/06/chocolate-plants-cosmos-dahlia.
- ↑ "Aquilegia viridiflora Pall..". http://www.worldfloraonline.org/taxon/wfo-0000541598.
- ↑ Shaulo, Dmitri N.; Erst, Andrey S. (2011). "Новый Вид Aquilegia (Ranunculaceae) Из Западного Саяна, Северная Азия" (in Russian). Turczaninowia 14 (3): 28–34. https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/novyy-vid-aquilegia-ranunculaceae-iz-zapadnogo-sayana-severnaya-aziya/viewer. Retrieved 27 November 2024.
- ↑ "Aquilegia - genus". 2024. https://www.iucnredlist.org/search?taxonomies=105408&searchType=species.
- ↑ "10 aquilegias to grow" (in en). https://www.gardenersworld.com/plants/10-aquilegias/.
External links
Wikidata ☰ Q7212929 entry
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