Biology:Aquilegia canadensis
| Aquilegia canadensis | |
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Scientific classification 
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| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Clade: | Tracheophytes |
| Clade: | Angiosperms |
| Clade: | Eudicots |
| Order: | Ranunculales |
| Family: | Ranunculaceae |
| Genus: | Aquilegia |
| Species: | A. canadensis
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| Binomial name | |
| Aquilegia canadensis | |
| Synonyms | |
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List of synonyms
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Aquilegia canadensis, the Canadian or Canada columbine, eastern red columbine, or wild columbine, is a species of flowering plant in the buttercup family Ranunculaceae. It is an herbaceous perennial native to woodland and rocky slopes in eastern North America, prized for its red and yellow flowers. It readily hybridizes with other species in the genus Aquilegia.
Description
The plant is 15–90 cm (6–35 in) tall. The fern-like leaves are lobed and grouped in threes, growing from the base and off the flowering stems. The flowers are 1–2 in (2.5–5.1 cm) long and have yellow petals with a red spur and red sepals. They appear in late spring (usually in May and June), nodding on stems above the leaves. The round end of the spur contains nectar, which is sought by butterflies and hummingbirds.[3]
The caterpillars of columbine duskywing (Erynnis lucilius) feed on the leaves.
Cultivation
Aquilegia canadensis is a highly decorative plant, valued for its attractive foliage and showy flowers. For this reason it is widely grown outside its native region, in temperate regions of the Northern Hemisphere.
The plant is easily propagated from seed, and blooms the second year from sowing. It is relatively long lived in the garden. It grows well in shade, and in sun with proper moisture.
The cultivar 'Little Lanterns' is half the height of the species.
Other uses
Native American tribes[which?] used various parts of red columbine in herbal remedies for ailments such as headache, sore throat, fever, rash caused by poison ivy, stomatitis, kidney and urinary problems, and heart problems.[4] Native American men also rubbed crushed seeds on their hands as a love charm.[5][which?]
Toxicity
Canada columbine contains a cyanogenic glycoside, which releases poisonous hydrogen cyanide when the plant is damaged.[6]
Distribution
USA (AL, AR, CT, DC, DE, FL, GA, IA, IL, IN, KS, KY, MA, MD, ME, MI, MN, MO, MS, NC, ND, NE, NM, NH, NJ, NY, OH, OK, PA, RI, SC, SD, TN, TX, VA, VT, WI, WV), Canada (MB, NB, ON, QC, SK, BC).[7]
Wetland Indicator Status
 | This section includes a list of references, related reading or external links, but its sources remain unclear because it lacks inline citations. (December 2023) (Learn how and when to remove this template message) |
Wetland is an extremely valuable but limited resource in the USA. The Wetland Indicator Status is used to determine which native plant species can provide information about the presence of wetland in a given area. Essentially if a plant thrives in a particular area, it means there is a greater likelihood of wetland there. Aquilegia canadensis is one such species.
- Regions 1-5: Facultative Equally (FAC) likely to occur in wetlands or non-wetlands (estimated probability 34%-66%).
- Region 6: Facultative Wetland (FACW) Usually occurs in wetlands (estimated probability 67%-99%), but occasionally found in non-wetlands.
Gallery
Flower and seedpod
In habitat
Leaves
The yellow cultivar 'Corbett'
Illustration
Flower of the plant
References
- ↑ NatureServe (1 December 2023). "Aquilegia canadensis". Arlington, Virginia: NatureServe. https://explorer.natureserve.org/Taxon/ELEMENT_GLOBAL.2.135388/Aquilegia_canadensis.
- ↑ Salisb. Prodr. Stirp. Chap. Allerton 374 1796
- ↑ "Lady Bird Johnson Wildflower Center - The University of Texas at Austin". https://www.wildflower.org/plants/result.php?id_plant=aqca.
- ↑ "Red Columbine". United States Department of Agriculture Natural Resources Conservation Service. https://plants.usda.gov/DocumentLibrary/plantguide/pdf/pg_aqca.pdf. Retrieved 12 June 2016.
- ↑ "Aquilegia canadensis". Lady Bird Johnson Wildlife Center. http://www.wildflower.org/plants/result.php?id_plant=AQCA. Retrieved 12 June 2016.
- ↑ Alfs, Matthew (2001). Edible and Medicinal Plants of Minnesota and Wisconsin. Old Theology Book House. p. 99. ISBN 0961296437.
- ↑ Flora of North America Editorial Committee, ed., "Aquilegia canadensis", Flora of North America North of Mexico (FNA), New York and Oxford, http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=1&taxon_id=
External links
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Wikimedia Commons has media related to Aquilegia canadensis. |
- Native Plant Identification Network
- US Forest Service — Celebrating Wildflowers
- Connecticut Botanical Society
- Missouri Plants
- Illinois Wildflowers
- Michigan Department of Natural Resources
- Floridata
- 'Little Lanterns' — Paghat's Garden
Wikidata ☰ Q2846008 entry
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