Biology:Arothron

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Arothron is a genus of pufferfish that belongs to the family Tetraodontidae. While they are highly toxic due to the presence of tetrodotoxin, several species are eaten in Japan.[1] Arothron species are sometimes kept in aquaria.[2][3]

Distribution

They have a wide range of distribution being found in warm parts of the Atlantic, Indian and Pacific Ocean.[2]

Evolution

Phylogeny with 12 of the 14 species

The oldest described specimens of this genus are dated to the early Pleistocene epoch around 1.95-1.35 million years ago. They were uncovered in the Liuchungchi Formation in southern Taiwan. They are semi-articulated specimens with nearly complete skulls that show characteristic beak-like jaws.[4]

Description

Patterns of 7 species of Arothron. It is hypothesized that species with reticulated patterns (D-F) may have hybrid origins; the result of blending the patterns of one parent with dark spots and a light background, and a parent with light spots and a dark background.[5]

The largest species is A. stellatus, which can reach 1.2 m (3.9 ft) in length.[2]

They can be distinguished from other genera of pufferfish through several characteristics, such as the presence of a bifurcated fleshy protuberance at each nostril, and a single continuous lateral line on each side of the body without a branch above the anus.[6][7]

Species

There are currently 14 recognized species in this genus:[2][3]

Image Species Common name
Arothron caeruleopunctatus

Matsuura, 1994

Blue-spotted puffer
Arothron carduus

(Cantor, 1849)

Arothron diadematus

(Rüppell, 1829)

Masked puffer
Arothron firmamentum

(Temminck & Schlegel, 1850)

Starry puffer
Arothron hispidus

(Linnaeus, 1758)

White-spotted puffer
Arothron immaculatus

(Bloch & J. G. Schneider, 1801)

Immaculate puffer
Arothron inconditus

J. L. B. Smith, 1958

Belly-striped puffer
Arothron manilensis

(Marion de Procé, 1822)

Narrow-lined puffer
Arothron mappa

(Lesson, 1831)

Map puffer
Arothron meleagris

(Anonymous, referred to Lacépède, 1798)

Guineafowl puffer
Arothron multilineatus

Matsuura, 2016

Many-lined puffer[8]
Arothron nigropunctatus

(Bloch & J. G. Schneider, 1801)

Black-spotted puffer
Arothron reticularis

(Bloch & J. G. Schneider, 1801)

Reticulated puffer
Arothron stellatus

(Anonymous, referred to Lacépède, 1798)

Stellate puffer
Synonyms
  • Arothron aerostaticus (Jenyns, 1842) valid as Arothron stellatus
  • Arothron gillbanksii (Clarke, 1897) valid as Arothron firmamentum
  • Arothron leopardus (Day, 1878) valid as Chelonodon leopardus
  • Arothron perspicillaris (Rüppell, 1829) valid as Arothron hispidus

References

  1. ↑ Khora, Samanta S.; Isa, Jiro; Yasumoto, Takeshi (1991). "Toxicity of puffers from Okinawa, Japan." (in en). NIPPON SUISAN GAKKAISHI 57 (1): 163–167. doi:10.2331/suisan.57.163. ISSN 1349-998X. http://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/suisan1932/57/1/57_1_163/_article. 
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 Froese, Rainer and Pauly, Daniel, eds. (2016). Species of Arothron in FishBase. December 2016 version.
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 Eschmeyer, William N.; Fricke, Ron; van der Laan, Richard, eds. "Species in the genus Arothron". California Academy of Sciences. http://researcharchive.calacademy.org/research/ichthyology/catalog/fishcatget.asp?tbl=species&genus=Arothron. 
  4. ↑ Lee, Chieh-Hsuan; Přikryl, Tomáš; Hsu, Yu-Chieh; Lin, Chien-Hsiang (2026-03-31). "First skeletal record of the pufferfish Arothron (Tetraodontiformes: Tetraodontidae) from the Early Pleistocene of southern Taiwan" (in English). Palaeontologia Electronica 29 (1): 1–15. doi:10.26879/1668. ISSN 1094-8074. https://palaeo-electronica.org/content/2026/5823-pleistocene-pufferfish-from-taiwan. 
  5. ↑ Miyazawa, Seita (2020-12-02). "Pattern blending enriches the diversity of animal colorations". Science Advances (American Association for the Advancement of Science) 6 (49): eabb9107. doi:10.1126/sciadv.abb9107. PMID 33268371. PMC 7710386. https://www.science.org/doi/full/10.1126/sciadv.abb9107. 
  6. ↑ Mishra, Subhrendu & Chakraborty, Priyankar & Yardi, Kranti. (2021). New record of white-spotted pufferfish Arothron hispidus (Linnaeus, 1758) (Tetraodontiformes: Tetraodontidae) from West Bengal, India, compared with other Arothron species occurring in India. Journal of Fisheries. 9. 93401. 10.17017/j.fish.332.
  7. ↑ 松浦, 啓一 (1994). "インド・西太平洋から得られらたモヨウフグ属の1新種". 魚類学雑誌 41 (1): 29–33. doi:10.11369/jji1950.41.29. https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/jji1950/41/1/41_1_29/_article/-char/ja/. 
  8. ↑ Matsuura, K. (2016). "A new pufferfish, Arothron multilineatus (Actinopterygii: Tetraodontiformes: Tetraodontidae), from the Indo-West Pacific". Ichthyological Research 63 (4): 480-486. 

Wikidata ☰ Q220417 entry




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