Biology:Atherix ibis
| Atherix ibis | |
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| Male | |
Scientific classification 
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| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Diptera |
| Family: | Athericidae |
| Subfamily: | Athericinae |
| Genus: | Atherix |
| Species: | A. ibis
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| Binomial name | |
| Atherix ibis (Fabricius, 1798)[1]
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| Synonyms | |
Atherix ibis, the yellow-legged water-snipefly, is a species of ibis flies belonging to the family Athericidae, a small family very similar to Rhagionidae (Snipe Flies).[4][5]
Distribution and habitat
This species is present in most of Europe and in the Palearctic realm up to Japan.[6][7] These flies inhabit rivers with a clean and gentle to fast-flowing current.
Description
Atherix ibis can reach a length of 9–11 millimetres (0.35–0.43 in). These flies have a broad-built and slightly hairy body. The thorax is black and has two gray, narrow longitudinal stripes and a gray lateral band. In the male the abdomen is orange-brown with black markings, The female has a black abdomen with gray margins. The wings are large and strongly patterned, with dark brown veins. The legs are slim and yellow-brown colored. At the head there are the short, thick proboscis as well as the green compound eyes. Females of this species are very similar to Atherix marginata, but the latter has entirely black legs.[8]
The larvae of these flies are greenish-brown and reach a length of up to 20 millimeters. They have seven pairs of abdominal prolegs on the last segment.
Biology
Adults can be found from May to July. Oviposition begins in early June. The females, after mating, aggregate in large clumps and lay egg masses on tree branches overhanging rivers or under bridges over flowing waters. After a female has started laying eggs, the others follow soon. In such a way the first stage larvae will fall into the water, where they will start their life cycle.[8][9]
After oviposition, the females die, causing lumps of thousands of dead flies and their eggs. The larvae are predators. In fact a few days after oviposition, the larvae hatch and at first feed on the dead parents. Later, they fall into the water and feed on carrion, detritus and small invertebrates such as stoneflies, mayflies and caddisflies. They usually kill their preys with a venomous bite. The larvae occur mainly in clean, moderate to fast-flowing waters with stony or gravelly ground. Whether the adult flies are predators, feed on nectar or whether they are bloodsucking, it is not completely clear.[8][9]
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Fabricius, J.C. (1798). Supplementum entomologiae systematicae. Hafniae [= Copenhagen]: C. G. Proft et Storch. pp. [4] + 572 pp.
- ↑ Meigen, J.W. (1804). Klassifikazion und Beschreibung der europäischen zweiflügligen Insekten. (Diptera Linn.). Erster Band. Abt. I. Abt. II... Braunschweig [= Brunswick]: Reichard. pp. xxviii + pp. 1-152, vi + pp. 153-314.
- ↑ Roser, K.L.F. von (1840). "Erster Nachtrag zu dem im Jahre 1834 bekannt gemachten Verzeichnisse in Wurttemberg vorkommender zweiflugliger Insekten.". Correspondenzbl. K. Wurttemb. Landw. Ver., Stuttgart 37 [=N.S. 17] (1): 49–64.
- ↑ BioLib
- ↑ Stubbs, Alan E.; Drake, Martin (2001). British Soldierflies and their allies: A Field Guide to the Larger British Brachycera (Print). London: British Entomological and Natural History Society. pp. 528 pages. ISBN 1-899935-04-5.
- ↑ Fauna europaea
- ↑ Catalogue of life
- ↑ 8.0 8.1 8.2 Atherix ibis on Flickr
- ↑ 9.0 9.1 Bent Lauge Madsen Biological studies on adult water snipe fly, Atherix ibis (Fabricius, 1798) (Diptera: Athericidae): Old myths and new facts
Bibliography
- A. Minelli – La fauna in Italia – Touring Editore
- Di Paul S. Giller,Björn Malmqvist - The biology of streams and rivers – Oxford University Press
- Heiko Bellmann: Leben im Bach und Teich. Mosaik-Verlag, München 1998.
- Stubbs, A. and Drake, M - British Soldierflies and Their Allies: A Field Guide to the Larger British Brachycera, pp. 512 - British Entomological & Natural History Society
- Wesenberg-Lund: Biologie der Süßwasserinsekten, S. 550–552, Nordisk Forlag, Kopenhagen 1943
External links
- Bug Guide
- Large mass of flies spotted dangling above River Torridge in Torrington
- George C. McGavin Insects
Wikidata ☰ Q1655865 entry
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