Biology:Butidae
Butidae is a family of sleeper gobies in the order Gobiiformes. The family was formerly classified as a subfamily of the Eleotridae but the 5th Edition of Fishes of the World classifies it as a family in its own right.[1] Molecular phylogenetic analyses have demonstrated that the Butidae are a sister clade to the clade containing the families Gobiidae and Gobionellidae and that the Eleotridae is a sister to both of these clades. This means that the Eloetridae as formerly classified was paraphyletic and that its subfamilies should be raised to the status of families.[2]
The species in the Butidae are largely restricted to tropical and sub-tropical waters of Africa, Asia, Australia, and Oceania. They are especially diverse in New Guinea, Australia and New Zealand where they can be important components of brackish and freshwater ecosystems.[2] They are mostly quite small species but the marbled goby (Oxyeleotris marmorata) is a freshwater species of Buitdae from Southeast Asia that can grow to 65 cm (25.6 in) long and is an important food fish.[3][4]
The earliest known member of the Butidae is the stem group-butid †Carlomonnius Bannikov & Carnevale, 2016 from the Early Eocene-aged Monte Bolca site of Italy. This genus is also the earliest gobioid known from skeletal remains. It was previously considered a gobioid of uncertain affinities[5], but a 2025 study analyzing more specimens found strong evidence for it being closely related to the Butidae. Carlomonnius had a lifestyle unlike any extant butids, being a very small marine genus that inhabited reef environments, suggesting a similar lifestyle to coral gobies of the Gobiidae. This is unlike extant butids, which primarily inhabit freshwater and brackish habitats, with none inhabiting reef ecosystems.[6]
Genera
The following genera are classified within the family Butidae:[7]
- Bostrychus Lacépède, 1801
- Butis Bleeker, 1856
- Incara Visweswara Rao, 1971
- Kribia Herre, 1946
- Odonteleotris Gill, 1863
- Ophiocara Gill, 1863
- Oxyeleotris Bleeker, 1874
- Parviparma Herre, 1927
- Pogoneleotris Bleeker, 1875
- Prionobutis Bleeker, 1874
The following fossil genera are also known:
- †Carlomonnius Bannikov & Carnevale, 2016 (Early Eocene of Italy)[6]
- †Lepidocottus Sauvage, 1875 (Early Oligocene to Early Miocene of Italy, France, Germany, and central Europe)[8][6]
References
- ↑ "Classification of fishes from Fishes of the World 5th Edition". 2016. https://81a86d48-a-62cb3a1a-s-sites.googlegroups.com/site/fotw5th/home/FotW5Classification.pdf?attachauth=ANoY7crnPmFXqnJpmRlpzLSdqx8GmsCmFXNBj8fAYuPuhFBvCfHo4TahH7eM_yruTzHI27nZRRWWJPRR7U9HopPBRlQK8iW_73EG6FVke6aUjl20fgZXiChDnl-xqMl4L2I-wHwV7D4qcPAQI1vSV6YfFYAm5qb7t5w0rJ_ierkZ91ezIvpQ_5f0kSbFiUx-YYGXP1US1GbwSf-G7sRx4XEikm73VqVA0idVnlkaFjzI53bkuIQY0OQ%3D&attredirects=0.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Christine Thacker (2011). "Chapter 1.5 Systematics of Butidae and Eleotridae". The Biology of Gobies. CRC Press. ISBN 978-1-57808-436-4. https://nhm.org/site/sites/default/files/ichthyology/pdf/ThackerButidaeEleotridae2011.pdf. Retrieved 2018-07-22.
- ↑ Riehl, R. & Baensch, H.A. (1996): Aquarium Atlas (Volume 1). Voyageur Press. p. 992. ISBN 978-3-88244-050-8
- ↑ Froese, Rainer and Pauly, Daniel, eds. (2017). "Oxyeleotris marmorata" in FishBase. September 2017 version.
- ↑ Bannikov, A.F.; Carnevale, G. (2016-03-17). "†Carlomonnius quasigobius gen. et sp. nov.: the first gobioid fish from the Eocene of Monte Bolca, Italy". Bulletin of Geosciences: 13–22. doi:10.3140/bull.geosci.1577. ISSN 1802-8225. http://www.geology.cz/bulletin/contents/art1577.
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 Reichenbacher, Bettina; Bannikov, Alexander F.; Erpenbeck, Dirk (2025-12-31). "Earliest gobioid fishes were coral-reef associated dwarfs: New evidence from the Eocene of Monte Bolca, Italy". Journal of Systematic Palaeontology 23 (1). doi:10.1080/14772019.2025.2546601. ISSN 1477-2019.
- ↑ "Butinae Bleeker, 1874". FishBase. World Register of Marine Species. 2015. http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=267091.
- ↑ Gierl, Christoph; Reichenbacher, Bettina; Gaudant, Jean; Erpenbeck, Dirk; Pharisat, André (2013-05-15). "An Extraordinary Gobioid Fish Fossil from Southern France" (in en). PLOS ONE 8 (5). doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0064117. ISSN 1932-6203. PMID 23691158. Bibcode: 2013PLoSO...864117G.
Wikidata ☰ Q1017917 entry
 |  |
