Biology:Cadmium resistance transporter
| Cadmium Resistance Protein | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Identifiers | |||||||||
| Symbol | CadD | ||||||||
| Pfam | PF03596 | ||||||||
| InterPro | IPR004676 | ||||||||
| |||||||||
The cadmium resistance (CadD) protein family (TC# 2.A.77) belongs to the Lysine exporter (LysE) superfamily.[1] CadD members facilitate the export of cationic compounds such as cadmium ions.[2]
Members
Currently, many sequenced proteins comprise the CadD family. Two are close orthologues in two Staphylococcus species that have been reported to function in cadmium resistance, a fourth has been reported to function in quaternary ammonium cation export, and the fourth is a distant open reading frame (ORF) in Staphylococcus aureus.[3] These proteins are found in Gram-positive bacteria. Their mode of energy coupling has not been investigated, but is hypothesized to include a proton antiport mechanism. This family is distantly related to members of the LysE family (TC #2.A.75) and the RhtB family (TC #2.A.76). These three families, which are included in the LysE superfamily, all consist of proteins of similar sizes (about 200 residues) and topologies (6 putative transmembrane α-helical segments; 5 experimentally determined TMSs).[4]
General Transport Reaction
The probable reaction catalyzed by these proteins is:[2]
Cationic compound (in) + nH+ (out) → Cationic compound (out) + nH+ (in).
Further reading
- "Molecular characterization of cadmium resistance in Streptococcus thermophilus strain 4134: an example of lateral gene transfer". Applied and Environmental Microbiology 68 (11): 5508–16. November 2002. doi:10.1128/AEM.68.11.5508-5516.2002. PMID 12406744. Bibcode: 2002ApEnM..68.5508S.
- "High-throughput phenotypic characterization of Pseudomonas aeruginosa membrane transport genes". PLOS Genetics 4 (10): e1000211. October 2008. doi:10.1371/journal.pgen.1000211. PMID 18833300.
- "Resistance to cadmium, cobalt, zinc, and nickel in microbes". Plasmid 27 (1): 17–28. January 1992. doi:10.1016/0147-619X(92)90003-S. PMID 1741458.
- "Genes involved in cadmium resistance in Caulobacter crescentus". FEMS Microbiology Letters 251 (2): 289–95. October 2005. doi:10.1016/j.femsle.2005.08.013. PMID 16168577.
- "Chromosomal locus for cadmium resistance in Pseudomonas putida consisting of a cadmium-transporting ATPase and a MerR family response regulator". Applied and Environmental Microbiology 67 (4): 1437–44. April 2001. doi:10.1128/AEM.67.4.1437-1444.2001. PMID 11282588. Bibcode: 2001ApEnM..67.1437L.
References
- ↑ "The LysE Superfamily of Transport Proteins Involved in Cell Physiology and Pathogenesis". PLOS ONE 10 (10): e0137184. 2015-01-01. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0137184. PMID 26474485. Bibcode: 2015PLoSO..1037184T.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 "2.A.77 The Cadmium Resistance (CadD) Family". http://www.tcdb.org/search/result.php?tc=2.A.77.
- ↑ "Cloning and expression of cadD, a new cadmium resistance gene of Staphylococcus aureus". Journal of Bacteriology 181 (13): 4071–5. July 1999. doi:10.1128/JB.181.13.4071-4075.1999. PMID 10383976.
- ↑ "Crystal structure of a phosphorylation-coupled saccharide transporter". Nature 473 (7345): 50–4. May 2011. doi:10.1038/nature09939. PMID 21471968. Bibcode: 2011Natur.473...50C.
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