Biology:Candelariaceae
| Candelariaceae | |
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| Candelariella xanthostigma | |
Scientific classification 
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| Kingdom: | Fungi |
| Division: | Ascomycota |
| Class: | Candelariomycetes |
| Order: | Candelariales |
| Family: | Candelariaceae Hakul. (1954) |
| Type genus | |
| Candelaria A.Massal. (1852)
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| Genera | |
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Candelaria | |
Candelariaceae is a family of lichen-forming fungi in the order Candelariales. It contains seven genera and about 73 species.[1]
Taxonomy
The family was circumscribed by Finnish lichenologist Rainar Hakulinen in 1954 to contain the type genus, Candelaria.[2] This genus had formerly been placed in the Parmeliaceae by Alexander Zahlbruckner in 1926,[3] while the crustose lichen genus Candelariella was classified among the crustose Lecanoraceae. Hakulinen also included the genus Placomaronea, which contains [[Glossary of lichen terms#{{biology:{1}}}|{{Biology:{1}}}]] species.[4]
Description
The Candelariaceae family exhibits a diverse range of growth forms, including crustose, [[Glossary of lichen terms#{{biology:{1}}}|{{Biology:{1}}}]], [[Glossary of lichen terms#{{biology:{1}}}|{{Biology:{1}}}]]-[[Glossary of lichen terms#{{biology:{1}}}|subumbilicate]], and [[Glossary of lichen terms#{{biology:{1}}}|{{Biology:{1}}}]] thalli, typically characterized by their bright yellow colour. The [[Glossary of lichen terms#{{biology:{1}}}|{{Biology:{1}}}]] in these lichens is [[Glossary of lichen terms#{{biology:{1}}}|{{Biology:{1}}}]], contributing to their photosynthetic abilities. The reproductive structures, or ascomata, are predominantly [[Glossary of lichen terms#{{biology:{1}}}|{{Biology:{1}}}]] apothecia, although [[Glossary of lichen terms#{{biology:{1}}}|{{Biology:{1}}}]] apothecia are also found in some instances.[5]
The [[Glossary of lichen terms#{{biology:{1}}}|{{Biology:{1}}}]], which is part of the ascomata, is made up of unbranched or slightly branched, amyloid [[Glossary of lichen terms#{{biology:{1}}}|{{Biology:{1}}}]]. The asci, or spore-bearing structures, have an apical [[Glossary of lichen terms#{{biology:{1}}}|{{Biology:{1}}}]] with an amyloid outer wall. The tholus is weakly amyloid, except for the darker, strongly amyloid lower portion, and is typically [[Glossary of lichen terms#{{biology:{1}}}|{{Biology:{1}}}]] in shape. Each ascus contains 8 to 64 [[Glossary of lichen terms#{{biology:{1}}}|{{Biology:{1}}}]], which are either non-septate or indistinctly 1-septate. These spores are hyaline, non-amyloid, and vary in shape from ellipsoid to [[Glossary of lichen terms#{{biology:{1}}}|{{Biology:{1}}}]] (lemon-shaped).[5]
Candelariaceae lichens also produce [[Glossary of lichen terms#{{biology:{1}}}|{{Biology:{1}}}]], which are [[Glossary of lichen terms#{{biology:{1}}}|{{Biology:{1}}}]]-containing structures. The [[Glossary of lichen terms#{{biology:{1}}}|{{Biology:{1}}}]], or asexual spores, are non-septate, hyaline, and range in shape from ellipsoid to [[Glossary of lichen terms#{{biology:{1}}}|{{Biology:{1}}}]] (rod shaped), sometimes exhibiting a curved form. The secondary chemistry of Candelariaceae lichens includes derivatives of pulmonic acid, a lichen product that contributes to their unique characteristics.[5]
Genera
- Candelaria A.Massal. (1852) – 7 spp.
- Candelariella Müll.Arg. (1894)[6] – ca. 50 spp.
- Candelina Poelt (1974)[4] – 3 spp.
- Candelinella S.Y.Kondr. (2020)[7] – 2 spp.
- Opeltiella S.Y.Kondr. (2020)[7] – 4 spp.
- Placomaronea Räsänen (1944)[8] – 6 spp.
- Protocandelariella Poelt, D.Liu, Hur & S.Y.Kondr. (2020)[7] – 2 spp.
References
- ↑ Wijayawardene, N.N.; Hyde, K.D.; Dai, D.Q.; Sánchez-García, M.; Goto, B.T.; Saxena, R.K. et al. (2022). "Outline of Fungi and fungus-like taxa – 2021". Mycosphere 13 (1): 53–453. doi:10.5943/mycosphere/13/1/2. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/358798332.
- ↑ Hakulinen, R. (1954). "Die Flechtengattung Candelariella Müller Argoviensis" (in de). Annales Botanici Societatis Zoologicae Botanicae Fennicae "Vanamo" 27 (3): 11.
- ↑ Zahlbruckner, A. (1926). "Lichenes. Spezieller Teil." (in de). Die natürlichen Pflanzenfamilien. 2 (8 ed.). pp. 61–270.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 Poelt, J. (1974). "Zur Kenntnis der Flechtenfamilie Candelariaceae" (in de). Phyton 16: 189–210. https://www.zobodat.at/pdf/PHY_16_1_4_0189-0210.pdf.
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 Jaklitsch, Walter; Baral, Hans-Otto; Lücking, Robert; Lumbsch, H. Thorsten (2016). Syllabus of Plant Families: Adolf Engler's Syllabus der Pflanzenfamilien. 1/2 (13 ed.). Berlin Stuttgart: Gebr. Borntraeger Verlagsbuchhandlung, Borntraeger Science Publishers. p. 118. ISBN 978-3-443-01089-8. OCLC 429208213.
- ↑ Müller, J. (1894). "Conspectus systematicus lichenum Novae Zelandiae" (in la). Bulletin de l'Herbier Boissier 2 (App. 1): 11, 47.
- ↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 Kondratyuk, S.Y.; Lőkös, L.; Jeong, M.-H.; Oh, S.-O.; Kondratiuk, A.S.; Hur, J.-S. (2020). "Contributions to molecular phylogeny of lichen-forming fungi, 1. The family Candelariaceae". Acta Botanica Hungarica 62 (3–4): 293–307. doi:10.1556/034.62.2020.3-4.4. http://real.mtak.hu/143241/1/article-p293.pdf.
- ↑ Räsänen, V. (1944). "Lichenes novi I". Annales Botanici Societatis Zoologicae Botanicae Fennicae "Vanamo" 20 (3): 1–34.
Wikidata ☰ Q10441420 entry
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