Biology:Cantharellus cibarius
| Cantharellus cibarius | |
|---|---|
| |
Scientific classification 
| |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Fungi |
| Division: | Basidiomycota |
| Class: | Agaricomycetes |
| Order: | Cantharellales |
| Family: | Cantharellaceae |
| Genus: | Cantharellus |
| Species: | C. cibarius
|
| Binomial name | |
| Cantharellus cibarius Fr. (1821)
| |
| Synonyms | |
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Species synonymy[1]
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| Cantharellus cibarius | |
|---|---|
 | |
 | ridges on hymenium |
 | cap is infundibuliform |
 | hymenium is decurrent |
 | stipe is bare |
 | spore print is yellow to cream |
 | ecology is mycorrhizal |
 | edibility: choice |
Cantharellus cibarius (Latin: cantharellus, "chanterelle"; cibarius, "culinary")[2] is a species of golden chanterelle mushroom in the genus Cantharellus. It is also known as girolle (or girole).[3][4] Despite its characteristic features, it may resemble at least one poisonous species.
Collected later in the year in its European distribution, the choice species is commonly consumed.
Description
The mushroom is easy to detect and recognize in nature.[3] The body is 3–10 centimetres (1–4 inches) wide and 5–10 cm (2–4 in) tall. The color varies from yellow to dark yellow.[3][5] Red spots will appear on the cap of the mushroom if it is damaged.[6] Chanterelles have a faint aroma and flavor of apricots.[3][5]
Care should be taken not to confuse this species with the dangerously poisonous Omphalotus illudens.[7]
Taxonomy
At one time, all yellow or golden chanterelles in North America had been classified as Cantharellus cibarius. Using DNA analysis, they have since been shown to be a group of related species known as the Cantharellus cibarius group or species complex, with C. cibarius sensu stricto restricted to Europe.[8][9][10] In 1997, the Pacific golden chanterelle (C. formosus) and C. cibarius var. roseocanus were identified,[11] followed by C. cascadensis in 2003[12] and C. californicus in 2008.[13] In 2018, an Asian species belonging to the C. cibarius complex has been described and sequenced, C. anzutake, recorded in Japan and Korea.[14]
Distribution and habitat
The species grows in Europe from Scandinavia to the Mediterranean Basin, mainly in deciduous and coniferous forests.[3][5][8][9]
Uses
A commonly eaten and favored mushroom, the chanterelle is typically harvested from late summer to late fall in its European distribution.[3]
Chanterelles are used in many culinary dishes,[3][5] and can be preserved by either drying or freezing. An oven should not be used when drying because it can make the mushroom bitter.[3]
References
- ↑ "Cantharellus cibarius Fr. 1821". MycoBank. International Mycological Association. http://www.mycobank.org/MycoTaxo.aspx?Link=T&Rec=200345.
- ↑ "cibarius - Wiktionary". https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/cibarius.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.6 3.7 "Cantharellus cibarius Fr. - Chanterelle". First Nature. 2020. https://www.first-nature.com/fungi/cantharellus-cibarius.php.
- ↑ "Golden chanterelle (girolle)". Missouri Department of Conservation. 2020. https://nature.mdc.mo.gov/discover-nature/field-guide/golden-chanterelle-girolle.
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 "Learn about chanterelle mushrooms". Forbes Wild Foods. 13 April 2017. http://wildfoods.ca/blog/chanterelles/.
- ↑ "Cantharellus "cibarius" (MushroomExpert.Com)". https://www.mushroomexpert.com/cantharellus_cibarius.html.
- ↑ Phillips, Roger (2010). Mushrooms and Other Fungi of North America. Buffalo, NY: Firefly Books. p. 248. ISBN 978-1-55407-651-2.
- ↑ 8.0 8.1 Kuo, Michael. "Cantharellus "cibarius"". https://www.mushroomexpert.com/cantharellus_cibarius.html.
- ↑ 9.0 9.1 Buyck, Bart; Hofstetter, Valérie; Olariaga, Ibai (September 2016). "Setting the Record Straight on North American Cantharellus". Cryptogamie, Mycologie 37 (3): 405–417. doi:10.7872/crym/v37.iss3.2016.405.
- ↑ Thorn, R. Greg; Kim, Jee In; Lebeuf, Renée; Voitk, Andrus (June 2017). "The golden chanterelles of Newfoundland and Labrador: a new species, a new record for North America, and a lost species rediscovered". Botany 95 (6): 547–560. doi:10.1139/cjb-2016-0213. http://nlmushrooms.ca/publications/2017-1%20chanterelles.pdf. Retrieved 2 October 2019.
- ↑ Redhead, S.A.; Norvell, L.L.; Danell, E. (1997). "Cantharellus formosus and the Pacific Golden Chanterelle harvest in Western North America". Mycotaxon 65: 285–322. http://www.cybertruffle.org.uk/cyberliber/59575/0065/0285.htm.
- ↑ Dunham, S.M.; O'Dell, T.E.; Molina, R. (2003). "Analysis of nrDNA sequences and microsatellite allele frequencies reveals a cryptic chanterelle species Cantharellus cascadensis sp. nov. from the American Pacific Northwest". Mycological Research 107 (10): 1163–77. doi:10.1017/s0953756203008475. PMID 14635765.
- ↑ Arora, D.; Dunham, S.M. (2008). "A new, commercially valuable chanterelle species, Cantharellus californicus sp. nov., associated with live oak in California, USA". Economic Botany 62 (3): 376–91. doi:10.1007/s12231-008-9042-7. http://www.davidarora.com/uploads/arora_dunham_chanterelles.pdf. Retrieved 2018-09-01.
- ↑ Buyck, Bart; Hofstetter, Valérie; Ryoo, Rhim; Ka, Kang-Hyeon; Antonín, Vladimír (2020-12-22). "New Cantharellus species from South Korea" (in en). MycoKeys 76: 31–47. doi:10.3897/mycokeys.76.58179. ISSN 1314-4049. PMID 33384572.
External links
Wikidata ☰ Q188749 entry
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