Biology:Capsicum rhomboideum
| Capsicum rhomboideum | |
|---|---|
| |
| Capsicum rhomboideum at flowering featuring yellow flowers. | |
Scientific classification 
| |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Clade: | Tracheophytes |
| Clade: | Angiosperms |
| Clade: | Eudicots |
| Clade: | Asterids |
| Order: | Solanales |
| Family: | Solanaceae |
| Genus: | Capsicum |
| Species: | C. rhomboideum
|
| Binomial name | |
| Capsicum rhomboideum (Dunal) Kuntze
| |
| Synonyms[1] | |
| |
Capsicum rhomboideum is a perennial member of the genus Capsicum with 2n=2x=26, and is considered a distant wild relative of the chili pepper. Its fruit do not have any pungency, and are a 0 on the Scoville Heat Unit scale.[2][3] It gets its name from the rhomboidal to elliptical shape of its leaves.[4] It is native to Mexico, Central America, and Andean region of South America.[5][6]
Plant description
Capsicum rhomboideum is typically a perennial shrub. It is densely covered in trichomes, making it pubescent. It is best identified by its rhomboidal to elliptically-shaped leaves. The flowers have a five-toothed calyx and yellow bell-shaped corolla.[5][7] The pollen grains are extremely small, 15 μm.[8] Mature fruit of C. rhomboideum are pea-shaped and sized, bright red to black when fresh, and they darken as they dry. They typically bear 2-6 seed per fruit. The seeds are brown.[4]
Genome
The genome of C. rhomboideum is smaller than that of C. annuum. In the specific differentiation, C. rhomboideum likely underwent genome size reduction. Approximately 5% of the genome is heterochromatic.[6] The typical Capsicum has 2n=24, and since 2n=26 in C. rhomboideum , causing it to be reclassified from Capsicum ciliatum in 2001.[4]
References
- ↑ "Fatalii's Empire - C. Rhomboideum". http://fatalii.net/Chile_Peppers/Species/C_rhomboideum.
- ↑ Jarret, Robert L. (August 22, 2008). "DNA Barcoding in a Crop Genebank: The Capsicum annuum Species Complex". The Open Biology Journal 1 (1): 35–42. doi:10.2174/1874196700801010035.
- ↑ Russo, V. M. (2012-01-01) (in en). Peppers: Botany, Production and Uses. CABI. ISBN 9781845937843. https://books.google.com/books?id=aR6LUhTL4X0C.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 Barboza, Gloria E. (2011-02-11). "Lectotypifications, synonymy, and a new name in Capsicum (Solanoideae, Solanaceae)". PhytoKeys (2): 23–38. doi:10.3897/PhytoKeys.2.730. ISSN 1314-2011. PMID 22171173.
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 Scaldaferro, Marisel A.; da Cruz, M. Victoria Romero; Cecchini, Nicolás M.; Moscone, Eduardo A. (2015-11-18). "FISH and AgNor mapping of the 45S and 5S rRNA genes in wild and cultivated species of Capsicum (Solananceae)". Genome 59 (2): 95–113. doi:10.1139/gen-2015-0099. ISSN 0831-2796. PMID 26853884. https://zenodo.org/record/909110.
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 Moscone, Eduardo (2007). Spooner. ed. "The Evolution of Chili Peppers (Capsicum - Solanaceae): a Cytogenetic Perspective". Acta Hort (745): 137–170. doi:10.17660/ActaHortic.2007.745.5. http://pubag.nal.usda.gov/pubag/downloadPDF.xhtml?id=17481&content=PDF. Retrieved 2016-02-20.
- ↑ Barboza, Gloria E.; Bianchetti, Luciano De Bem (2005). "Three New Species of Capsicum (Solanaceae) and a Key to the Wild Species from Brazil". Systematic Botany 30 (4): 863–871. doi:10.1600/036364405775097905.
- ↑ Bo, María Laura; García, Carolina Carrizo (2015-01-02). "Pollen phenotyping and performance in rocoto chili (Capsicum pubescens Ruiz et Pav., Solanaceae)". Grana 54 (1): 37–44. doi:10.1080/00173134.2014.985606. ISSN 0017-3134.
Wikidata ☰ Q15540252 entry
 |  |
