Biology:Ceropegia
| Ceropegia | |
|---|---|
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| Ceropegia distincta var. haygarthii | |
Scientific classification 
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| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Clade: | Tracheophytes |
| Clade: | Angiosperms |
| Clade: | Eudicots |
| Clade: | Asterids |
| Order: | Gentianales |
| Family: | Apocynaceae |
| Subfamily: | Asclepiadoideae |
| Tribe: | Ceropegieae |
| Genus: | Ceropegia L. (1753) |
| Synonyms[1] | |
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Ceropegia is a genus of plants within the family Apocynaceae, native to Africa, southern Asia, and Australia .[2][3] It was named by Carl Linnaeus, who first described this genus in his Genera plantarum, which appeared in 1737.[4] Linnaeus referred to the description and picture of a plant in the Horti Malabarici as the plant for which the genus was created.[5] In 1753 he named this species as Ceropegia candelabrum.[6] Linnaeus did not explain the etymology but later explanations stated that the name Ceropegia was from the Greek[7] word keropegion κηροπηγɩον.[8][9] This means candelabrum in Latin, which has a broader range than the modern word - "a candlestick, a branched candlestick, a chandelier, candelabrum, or also lamp-stand, light-stand, sometimes of exquisite workmanship".[10]
An alternative explanation for the name was given later by William Jackson Hooker in 1830 in Curtis's Botanical Magazine in the description of Ceropegia elegans: "From κηρός, wax, and πηγή, a fountain, in allusion to the delicate, waxy umbels of some species".[11] However, four years later Hooker gave the etymology in the description in the same periodical of Ceropegia lushii as "remarkable for the peculiar shape of its flowers, frequently arranged in umbels, hence its name κηροπηγɩον, a candelabrum, or lamp-stand".[12]
They have many common names including lantern flower, parasol flower, parachute flower, bushman's pipe, string of hearts, snake creeper, wine-glass vine, rosary vine, and necklace vine.
Ceropegia species are traded, kept, and propagated as ornamental plants.[13] In Africa, the roots and leaves of some species are eaten raw[14] and the tubers in India are eaten raw or stewed in curries.[12]
Appearance
The stems are vining or trailing in most species, though a few species from the Canary Islands have erect growth habits. Among some species, such as Ceropegia woodii, the nodes swell, and the roots similarly expand to form tubers beneath the soil surface. The leaves are simple and opposite, although they can be rudimentary or absent. Especially in certain succulent species, the leaves may also be thick and fleshy.
The flowers have a tubular corolla with five petals most often fused at the tips, forming an umbrella-like canopy, a cage, or appendage-like antennae.[15] Pollination is accomplished by flies, and species can be generalists by attracting multiple families, or extremely specialized.[16] Ceropegia dolichophylla releases scents that attract kleptoparasitic flies by mimicking the pheromones released by predatory arthropods in distress.[17] The flowers are often inflated and fused at several points, forming a cage. Flies become momentarily trapped inside, accomplishing pollination as they move about.[13]
Classification
The genus Ceropegia belongs to the subfamily Asclepiadoideae (milkweeds) within the family Apocynaceae. Species of this genus bear similarities to the carrion flowers or stapelias. There are at least 420 known species.[18] More are being discovered and described regularly.[13][19] They are distributed throughout most of sub-Saharan Africa and Madagascar to the Arabian Peninsula, southeast Asia, the Canary Islands, the tropical Pacific, and Australia.[13]
A generic complex, with many interesting taxonomic problems at both generic and specific level, is formed by three genera: Ceropegia, Brachystelma and Riocreuxia.
Selected species
450 species are accepted.[1] Selected species include:
Gallery
Ceropegia radicans ssp. radicans
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References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Ceropegia L. Plants of the World Online. Retrieved 28 July 2023.
- ↑ Bruyns, P. V. & P. I. Forster. 1991. Recircumscription of the Stapelieae (Asclepiadaceae). Taxon 40(3): 381–391
- ↑ Flora of China Vol. 16 Page 266 吊灯花属 diao deng hua shu Ceropegia Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 1: 211. 1753.
- ↑ Linnaei, Caroli (1737). Genera plantarum.... Leiden: Conradum Wishoff. p. 65. https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/43565185#page/87/mode/1up. Retrieved 17 July 2021.
- ↑ Rhede (or Reede) tot Drakestein, Hendrik (1689). Horti Malabarici Pars Nona. 9. Amsterdam. pp. 27–28. https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/14379#page/45/mode/1up. Retrieved 17 July 2021.
- ↑ Linnaei, Caroli (1753). Species plantarum... Tomus I. Stockholm: Laurentii Salvii. p. 211. https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/84235#page/225/mode/1up. Retrieved 17 July 2021.
- ↑ Stephano, Henr. (1572). Thesauri linguæ Græcæ Tomus II. Henrico Stephano. p. 193. https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=ucm.5316860352&view=1up&seq=109. Retrieved 17 July 2021.
- ↑ Nemnich, Philipp Andreas (1793). Allgemeines Polyglotten-Lexicon der Naturgeschichte mit erklaerenden Anmerkungen. 1. Hamburg: Licentiat Nemnich. p. 954. https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/73587#page/499/mode/1up. Retrieved 17 July 2021.
- ↑ Wilkes, John (1810). Encyclopædia Londinensis Vol. IV. London: J. Adlard. p. 42. https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/265417#page/58/mode/1up. Retrieved 17 July 2021.
- ↑ Lewis, Charlton T; Short, Charles. "A Latin Dictionary". http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0059%3Aentry%3Dcandelabrum.
- ↑ Hooker, William Jackson (1830). "Ceropegia elegans. Beautiful Ceropegia.". Curtis's Botanical Magazine 57: Folio 3015. https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/495035#page/186/mode/1up. Retrieved 17 July 2021.
- ↑ 12.0 12.1 Hooker, William Jackson (1834). "Ceropegia Lushii. Mr. Lush's Ceropegia.". Curtis's Botanical Magazine 61: Folio 3300. https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/14340#page/35/mode/1up. Retrieved 17 July 2021.
- ↑ 13.0 13.1 13.2 13.3 Ollerton, J., Masinde, S., Meve, U., Picker, M., & Whittington, A. (2009). Fly pollination in Ceropegia (Apocynaceae: Asclepiadoideae): biogeographic and phylogenetic perspectives. Annals of Botany, mcp072.
- ↑ Pieroni, Andrea (2005). Prance, Ghillean; Nesbitt, Mark. eds. The Cultural History of Plants. Routledge. p. 30. ISBN 0415927463.
- ↑ Dyer, R.A. 1983. Ceropegia, Brachystelma and Riocreuxia in Southern Africa. A.A. Balkema, Rotterdam.
- ↑ Coombs, Gareth; Dold, Anthony P.; Peter, Craig I. (June 2011). "Generalized fly-pollination in Ceropegia ampliata (Apocynaceae–Asclepiadoideae): the role of trapping hairs in pollen export and receipt" (in en). Plant Systematics and Evolution 296 (1–2): 137–148. doi:10.1007/s00606-011-0483-6. ISSN 0378-2697. Bibcode: 2011PSyEv.296..137C. http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s00606-011-0483-6.
- ↑ Heiduk, A.; Brake, I.; Tolasch, T.; Frank, J.; Jürgens, A.; Meve, U.; Dötterl, S. (2010-10-01). "Scent chemistry and pollinator attraction in the deceptive trap flowers of Ceropegia dolichophylla" (in en). South African Journal of Botany. Chemical diversity and biological functions of plant volatiles 76 (4): 762–769. doi:10.1016/j.sajb.2010.07.022. ISSN 0254-6299.
- ↑ Govaerts, Rafaël. "Ceropegia L.". Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. http://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:328162-2.
- ↑ Herbert F. J. Huber: Revision of the genus Ceropegia. In: Memórias da Sociedade Broteriana, Volume 12, 1957, S.1-203, Coimbra
- ↑ Pethe, Jui; Tillu, Amit; Watve, Aparna (March 2015). "Threat status assessment of Ceropegia anjanerica Malpure et al. (Magnoliopsida: Gentianales: Apocynaceae) from Anjaneri Hills, Nashik District, Maharashtra, India". Journal of Threatened Taxa 7 (3): 6965–6971. doi:10.11609/JoTT.o3772.6965-71. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/307742901.
- ↑ "Ceropegia jainii M.Y. Ansari & B.G. Kulkarni | Species". http://indiabiodiversity.org/species/show/265670.
External links
- Ceropegia. Flickr Group.
Wikidata ☰ Q1411307 entry
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