Biology:Cettiidae

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Cettiidae is a newly validated family of small insectivorous songbirds ("warblers"), formerly placed in the Old World warbler "wastebin" assemblage. It contains the typical bush warblers (Cettia) and their relatives. As a common name, cettiid warblers is usually used.[1]

Some taxonomic authorities include this entire family, along with the related genera Erythrocercus and Scotocerca, in an enlarged family Scotocercidae;[2] an invalid treatment as Cettiidae (published in 2006)[1] has priority over Scotocercidae (published in 2012).[3]

Its members occur mainly in Asia, ranging into Oceania and Europe. The pseudo-tailorbirds, tesias and stubtails, as well as Tickellia and Abroscopus warblers, are mostly found in the forests of south and southeastern Asia, with one species of stubtail reaching as far north as Japan and Siberia. Only one species, Neumann's warbler (Hemitesia neumanni), occurs in Africa.[4] The range of the genus Cettia extends west to Western Europe, while that of Horornis extends well into the Pacific, as far as Fiji and Palau. Most of the species in the family are sedentary, but the Asian stubtail is wholly migratory and the Japanese bush warbler and Cetti's warbler are partly migratory over much of their range. A few species, such as the pale-footed bush warbler, are altitudinal migrants.

The species are small, stubby birds. Most have moderately long to long tails, while the stubtails and tesias have tiny tails that do not even emerge past their tail coverts. The group is typically clad in dull plumage, often with a line above the eye, but some are more colourful. Altogether the Cettiidae are a quite variable group containing many aberrant birds that hitherto had been uncomfortably placed with a wide range of unrelated families. The Locustellidae, which contain birds which appear very similar to many cettiids, are far more uniform by contrast.[5]

Most live in scrubland and frequently hunt food by clambering through thick tangled growth.

Taxonomy

The family Cettiidae was introduced by Per Alström and coworkers in 2006.[1]

The following cladogram showing the family relationships is based on a study by Carl Oliveros and coworkers published in 2019.[6] The number of species is taken from the AviList checklist.[7]

 
Aegithaloidea
 
 

Phylloscopidae – leaf warblers (80 species)

 
 
 

Hyliidae – hylias (2 species)

 
 
 

Aegithalidae – bushtits (11 species)

 
 
 

Erythrocercidae – bristle flycatchers (3 species)

 
 

Cettiidae – bush warblers and allies (32 species)

 
 
 
 
 
 
 

The phylogenetic relationships between eight of the genera were determined in a 2011 study by Per Alström and coworkers.[8] The streaked scrub warbler was not sampled in this study. The basal position shown here is based on the 2019 study by Carl Oliveros and coworkers. The streaked scrub warbler is estimated to have shared a common ancestor with the rest of the family around 16 million years ago.[6]

Cettiidae
 

Scotocerca – streaked scrub warbler

 
 
 
 
 
 

Hemitesia – (2 species)

 
 

Urosphena – stubtails (3 species)

 
 
 
 

Tesia – tesias (4 species)

 
 

Cettia – (4 species)

 
 
 
 
 

Abroscopus – warblers (3 species)

 
 
 

Phyllergates – tailorbirds (2 species)

 
 
 

Tickellia – Broad-billed warbler

 
 

Horornis – bush warblers (13 species)

 
 
 
 
 
 
 

The family contains 32 species in nine genera.[7]

Image Genus Living species
175px Scotocerca (Cretzschmar, 1830)
175px Abroscopus Baker, 1930 – warblers
175px Phyllergates Sharpe, 1883 – tailorbirds
175px Tickellia Blyth, 1861 – broad-billed warbler
175px Horornis Hodgson, 1845 – bush warblers
175px Tesia Hodgson, 1837 – tesias
175px Cettia Bonaparte, 1834 – typical bush warblers
175px Urosphena R. Swinhoe, 1877 – stubtails
Hemitesia Chapin, 1948 – warblers

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Alström, P.; Ericson, P.G.P.; Olsson, U.; Sundberg, P. (2006). "Phylogeny and classification of the avian superfamily Sylvioidea". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 38 (2): 381-397. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2005.05.015. 
  2. ↑ Winkler D.; Billerman, S.; Lovette I. (2015). Bird Families of the World. Lynx Editions. pp. 442–444. ISBN 978-84-941892-0-3. 
  3. ↑ Fregin, Silke; Haase, Martin; Olsson, Urban; Alström, Per (2012). "New insights into family relationships within the avian superfamily Sylvioidea (Passeriformes) based on seven molecular markers". BMC Evolutionary Biology 12 (1): 157. doi:10.1186/1471-2148-12-157. ISSN 1471-2148. PMID 22920688. 
  4. ↑ Irestedt, M.; Gelang, M.; Sangster, G.; Olsson, U.; Ericson, P.G.P.; Alström, P. (2011). "Neumann’s Warbler Hemitesia neumanni (Sylvioidea): the sole African member of a Palaeotropic Miocene avifauna". Ibis 153 (1): 78-86. doi:10.1111/j.1474-919X.2010.01084.x. 
  5. ↑ del Hoyo et al. (2006)
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 Oliveros, C.H. (2019). "Earth history and the passerine superradiation". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 116 (16): 7916–7925. doi:10.1073/pnas.1813206116. PMID 30936315. 
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 AviList Core Team (2025). "AviList: The Global Avian Checklist, v2025". doi:10.2173/avilist.v2025. http://www.avilist.org/checklist/v2025/. 
  8. ↑ Alström, P.; Höhna, S.; Gelang, M.; Ericson, P.G.; Olsson, U. (2011). "Non-monophyly and intricate morphological evolution within the avian family Cettiidae revealed by multilocus analysis of a taxonomically densely sampled dataset". BMC Evolutionary Biology 11 (1): 352. doi:10.1186/1471-2148-11-352. 

Sources

  • del Hoyo, Josep; Elliott, Andrew & Sargatal, Jordi (eds.) (2006): Handbook of Birds of the World (Volume 11: Old World Flycatchers to Old World Warblers). Lynx Edicions, Barcelona. ISBN 84-96553-06-X
  • Sefc, K.M.; Payne, R.B. & Sorenson, M.D. (2003): Phylogenetic relationships of African sunbird-like warblers: Moho Hypergerus atriceps, Green Hylia Hylia prasina and Tit-hylia Pholidornis rushiae. Ostrich 74(1-2): 8-17. PDF fulltext

Template:Cettiidae Wikidata ☰ Q222432 entry



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