Biology:Marsh tern

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Short description: Genus of birds

Marsh terns
Black-fronted tern (above)
Chlidonias albostriatus
Scientific classification e
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Aves
Order: Charadriiformes
Family: Laridae
Genus: Chlidonias
Rafinesque, 1822
Type species
Sterna melanops[1]
Rafinesque, 1822
Species
  • Chlidonias niger
  • Chlidonias leucopterus
  • Chlidonias hybrida
  • Chlidonias albostriatus

The name marsh tern refers to terns of the genus Chlidonias, which typically breed in freshwater marshes, rather than coastal locations.

Taxonomy

The genus Chlidonias was introduced in 1822 by the French polymath Constantine Samuel Rafinesque with Sterna melanops Rafinesque = Sterna surinamensis Gmelin, J.F. as the type species.[2][3] The name Chlidonias is from Ancient Greek khelidonios, "swallow-like", from khelidon, "swallow".[4]

Species

The genus contains four species:[5]

Genus Chlidonias – Rafinesque, 1822 – four species
Common name Scientific name and subspecies Range Size and ecology IUCN status and estimated population
Black tern

Chlidonias niger
(Linnaeus, 1758)

Two subspecies
 Europe, Western Asia and North America.
Map of range 		Size:

Habitat:

Diet: 		 LC 


White-winged tern or white-winged black tern

Chlidonias leucopterus
(Temminck, 1815) 		Europe, Africa, Asia, and Australia.
Map of range 		Size:

Habitat:

Diet: 		 LC 


Whiskered tern

Chlidonias hybrida
(Pallas, 1811)

Three subspecies
  • C. h. hybrida – (Pallas, 1811)
  • C. h. delalandii – (Mathews, 1912)
  • C. h. javanicus – (Horsfield, 1821)
Europe and the Palearctic (northwestern Africa and central and southern Europe to southeastern Siberia, eastern China and south to Pakistan and northern India)
Map of range 		Size:

Habitat:

Diet: 		 LC 


Black-fronted tern

Chlidonias albostriatus
(Gray, 1845) 		New Zealand[6] Size:

Habitat:

Diet: 		 EN 




Notice the hesitation in the gender of the epithet of the scientific names, as they are usually masculine (albostriatus, leucopterus or niger), but in the case of the whiskered tern is mostly used as feminine (hybrida), maybe from the influence of the previous gender used, Sterna.

The black-bellied tern (Sterna acuticauda) and the white-cheeked tern (Sterna repressa) might also be placed in Chlidonias.

References

  1. ↑ "Laridae". The Trust for Avian Systematics. https://www.aviansystematics.org/4th-edition-checklist?viewfamilies=61. 
  2. ↑ Peters, James Lee, ed (1934). Check-List of Birds of the World. 2. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press. p. 327. https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/14483140. 
  3. ↑ Rafinesque, Constantine Samuel (21 February 1822). "On the wandering sea-birds of the western states". Kentucky Gazette (Lexington, Kentucky): p. 3, col 5.  The article was reprinted in: Rhoads, Samuel N. (1912). "Additions to the known ornithological publications of C. S. Rafinesque". The Auk 29: 191–198 [197]. doi:10.2307/4071354. https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/16020101. 
  4. ↑ Jobling, James A (2010). The Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names. London: Christopher Helm. p. 102. ISBN 978-1-4081-2501-4. https://archive.org/details/Helm_Dictionary_of_Scientific_Bird_Names_by_James_A._Jobling. 
  5. ↑ Gill, Frank; Donsker, David; Rasmussen, Pamela, eds (December 2023). "Noddies, gulls, terns, skimmers, skuas, auks". IOC World Bird List Version 14.1. International Ornithologists' Union. https://www.worldbirdnames.org/bow/gulls/. 
  6. ↑ Bridge, E. S.; Jones, A. W. & Baker, A. J. (2005). A phylogenetic framework for the terns (Sternini) inferred from mtDNA sequences: implications for taxonomy and plumage evolution Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 35: 459–469.

Template:Charadriiformes Wikidata ☰ Q939073 entry




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