Biology:Choerodon
Choerodon is a genus of wrasses native to the Indian Ocean and the western Pacific Ocean.[1] They originated in the Miocene, when the Australian and Eurasian Plates collided.[2] They are commonly referred to as tuskfish, because most species have sharp tusk-like teeth.
Taxonomy
The genus Choerodon is most closely related to the odacine wrasses. Both groups are part of the wrasse tribe Hypsigenyini. Choerodon is split into 6 subgenera.[3] Molecular phylogenetic analysis has so far demonstrated the monophyly of the subgenera, although not all species in the genus have been evaluated.[4]
Choerodon typus was traditionally placed within its own genus Xiphocheilus, but both morphological and molecular analyses now place it within Choerodon, with Xiphocheilus becoming its subgenus name instead.[3][4]
Potential tool use in tuskfishes
Orange-dotted, blue, graphic, and blackspot tuskfish have been recorded using large rocks or hard coral as "anvils", upon which they smash open hard-shelled prey items. All four species belong to the subgenus Choerodon, and can remember to use a particular rock or coral repeatedly for this purpose. This behaviour usually involves invertebrate prey such as clams and sea urchins, but on one occasion, a blue tuskfish was filmed smashing a young green sea turtle on an anvil.[5][6][7][8][9] Anvil use is also documented in several other wrasse genera.[9][10][11]
Species
The 27 currently recognized species in this genus are:[1][3][12][13]
| Subgenus | Species | Common name | Image |
|---|---|---|---|
| Aspiurochilus | Choerodon azurio
(D. S. Jordan & Snyder, 1901) |
Azurio tuskfish | .jpg)
|
| Choerodon cypselurus
Gomon, 2017 |
swallowtail tuskfish[3] | ||
| Choerodon monostigma
J. D. Ogilby, 1910 |
dark-spot tuskfish | ||
| Choerodon robustus
(Günther, 1862) |
robust tuskfish | .jpg)
| |
| Choerodon zamboangae
(Seale & B. A. Bean, 1907) |
purple eyebrowed tuskfish | 
| |
| Choerodon | Choerodon anchorago
(Bloch, 1791) |
orange-dotted tuskfish | _-_49760086097_(cropped).jpg)
|
| Choerodon cauteroma
M. F. Gomon & G. R. Allen, 1987 |
bluespotted tuskfish | 
| |
| Choerodon cephalotes
(Castelnau, 1875) |
purple tuskfish | .jpg)
| |
| Choerodon cyanodus
(J. Richardson, 1843) |
blue tuskfish | .jpg)
| |
| Choerodon graphicus
(de Vis, 1885) |
graphic tuskfish | .jpg)
| |
| Choerodon oligacanthus
(Bleeker, 1851) |
white-patch tuskfish | ||
| Choerodon rubescens
(Günther, 1862) |
baldchin groper | .jpg)
| |
| Choerodon schoenleinii
(Valenciennes, 1839) |
blackspot tuskfish | .jpg)
| |
| Choerodon venustus
(de Vis, 1884) |
Venus tuskfish | ||
| Lienardella | Choerodon fasciatus
(Günther, 1867) |
harlequin tuskfish | .jpg)
|
| Lutjanilabrus | Choerodon vitta
J. D. Ogilby, 1910 |
redstripe tuskfish | 
|
| Peaolopseia | Choerodon albofasciatus
Gomon, 2017[3] |
||
| Choerodon aurulentus
Gomon, 2017 |
gilded tuskfish | ||
| Choerodon frenatus
J. D. Ogilby, 1910 |
bridled tuskfish | ||
| Choerodon gomoni
G. R. Allen & J. E. Randall, 2002 |
Gomon's tuskfish | ||
| Choerodon gymnogenys
(Günther, 1867) |
|||
| Choerodon jordani
(Snyder, 1908) |
Jordan's tuskfish | .jpg)
| |
| Choerodon margaritiferus
Fowler & B. A. Bean, 1928 |
pearly tuskfish | ||
| Choerodon skaiopygmaeus
Gomon, 2017[3] |
|||
| Choerodon sugillatum
M. F. Gomon, 1987 |
wedge-tailed tuskfish | 
| |
| Choerodon zosterophorus
(Bleeker, 1868) |
Zoster wrasse | _(40503187381)_(cropped).jpg)
| |
| Xiphocheilus | Choerodon typus
Bleeker, 1856 |
blue-banded wrasse | 
|
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Froese, Rainer and Pauly, Daniel, eds. (2013). Species of Choerodon in FishBase. August 2013 version.
- ↑ Puckridge, Melody; Last, Peter R.; Andreakis, Nikos (2015-03-01). "The role of peripheral endemism and habitat associations in the evolution of the Indo-West Pacific tuskfishes (Labridae: Choerodon)". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 84: 64–72. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2014.11.007. ISSN 1055-7903. PMID 25463751. Bibcode: 2015MolPE..84...64P. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1055790314003911.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 Museums Victoria; Martin F., Martin F. (2017-08-28). "A review of the tuskfishes, genus Choerodon (Labridae, Perciformes), with descriptions of three new species". Memoirs of Museum Victoria 76: 1–111. doi:10.24199/j.mmv.2017.76.01. https://museumsvictoria.com.au/collections-research/journals/memoirs-of-museum-victoria/volume-76-2017/pages-1-111/.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 Hughes, Lily C; Nash, Chloe M; White, William T; Westneat, Mark W (2023-05-01). "Concordance and Discordance in the Phylogenomics of the Wrasses and Parrotfishes (Teleostei: Labridae)". Systematic Biology 72 (3): 530–543. doi:10.1093/sysbio/syac072. ISSN 1063-5157. PMID 36331534. https://academic.oup.com/sysbio/article/72/3/530/6798871.
- ↑ Pryor, Kimberley Jane; Milton, Ashley Monique (2023). "Tool use involving a different prey type, microhabitat and location, and long-term anvil use, by the graphic tuskfish Choerodon graphicus (De Vis 1885)" (in en). Marine Ecology 44 (6). doi:10.1111/maec.12768. ISSN 1439-0485. Bibcode: 2023MarEc..44E2768P. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/maec.12768.
- ↑ Jones, A. M.; Brown, C.; Gardner, S. (2011-09-01). "Tool use in the tuskfish Choerodon schoenleinii?" (in en). Coral Reefs 30 (3): 865. doi:10.1007/s00338-011-0790-y. ISSN 1432-0975. Bibcode: 2011CorRe..30..865J. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00338-011-0790-y.
- ↑ Harborne, A. R.; Tholan, B. A. (2016-09-01). "Tool use by Choerodon cyanodus when handling vertebrate prey" (in en). Coral Reefs 35 (3): 1069. doi:10.1007/s00338-016-1448-6. ISSN 1432-0975. Bibcode: 2016CorRe..35.1069H. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00338-016-1448-6.
- ↑ Nature, Research Communities by Springer (2017-10-31). "Tools and tails on Blue Planet II" (in en). https://communities.springernature.com/posts/tools-and-tails-on-blue-planet-ii.
- ↑ 9.0 9.1 Bernardi, G. (2012-03-01). "The use of tools by wrasses (Labridae)" (in en). Coral Reefs 31 (1): 39. doi:10.1007/s00338-011-0823-6. ISSN 1432-0975. Bibcode: 2012CorRe..31...39B. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00338-011-0823-6.
- ↑ Jaishankar, Siddhi; Nair, Radhika; Alcoverro, Teresa; Arthur, Rohan (2024-04-01). "Anvil use by three wrasse species: Halichoeres hortulanus, Thalassoma jansenii, and Thalassoma lunare" (in en). Coral Reefs 43 (2): 483–487. doi:10.1007/s00338-024-02467-y. ISSN 1432-0975. Bibcode: 2024CorRe..43..483J. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00338-024-02467-y.
- ↑ Pryor, Kimberley Jane (2022). "Tool use by the orange wrasse Pseudolabrus luculentus and doubleheader Coris bulbifrons" (in en). Marine Ecology 43 (6). doi:10.1111/maec.12727. ISSN 1439-0485. Bibcode: 2022MarEc..43E2727P. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/maec.12727.
- ↑ "Order LABRIFORMES: Family LABRIDAE (a-h)". The ETYFish Project Fish Name Etymology Database. Christopher Scharpf and Kenneth J. Lazara. 22 September 2018. http://www.etyfish.org/labriformes1/.
- ↑ "Order LABRIFORMES: Family LABRIDAE (a-h)". The ETYFish Project Fish Name Etymology Database. Christopher Scharpf and Kenneth J. Lazara. 22 September 2018. http://www.etyfish.org/labriformes1/.
Wikidata ☰ Q240793 entry
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