Biology:Cixiinae
| Cixiinae | |
|---|---|
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| Cixius nervosus | |
Scientific classification 
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| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Hemiptera |
| Suborder: | Auchenorrhyncha |
| Infraorder: | Fulgoromorpha |
| Family: | Cixiidae |
| Subfamily: | Cixiinae |
| Tribes | |
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Cixiinae is a planthopper subfamily in the family Cixiidae. It is one of three such subfamilies, the other two being the Bothriocerinae and the Borystheninae.[1] While a few species had been tested in a larger study of the Fulgoroidea,[2] neither the Cixiinae nor its tribes were analysed cladistically until 2002.[1][3] Resolution of tribal relationships is incomplete and additional testing of the tribes with samples larger than one per tribe is needed.[4]
Tribes
In 1938 Metcalf divided the Cixiinae into tribes, including the Cixiini and Oecleini of Muir;[5] however, those divisions were seldom referred to and remained unanalysed for decades.[2] Subsequently, the Stenophlepsiini were returned to the Cixiinae, and the Pentastirini were subdivided into the Pentastirina and Oliarina subtribes.[2][6] However, Oliarina was later synonymized under Pentastirina.[7] In 2002, Emeljanov created seven new tribes[3][4] and in 2004 subtribe Mnemosynina of tribe Pentastirini was raised to tribal level as the Mnemosynini.[8]
Currently there are sixteen recognized tribes, although some tribes lack adequate description:[4]
- Andini Emeljanov, 2002
- Bennarellini Emeljanov, 1989
- Bennini Metcalf, 1938
- Brixidiini Emeljanov, 2002
- Brixiini Emeljanov, 2002
- Cajetini Emeljanov, 2002
- Cixiini Muir, 1923 - non-monophyletic[4]
- Duiliini Emeljanov, 2002
- Eucarpiini Emeljanov, 2002 - monophyletic[4]
- Gelastocephalini Emeljanov, 2000 - putatively monophyletic[4]
- Mnemosynini Szwedo, 2004 - one extant genus[4] Mnemosyne (planthopper) Stål, 1866 (5 extinct)
- Oecleini Muir, 1922 - non-monophyletic[4]
- Pentastirini Emeljanov, 1971 - monophyletic[4]
- Pintaliini Metcalf, 1938 - non-monophyletic[4]
- Semonini Emeljanov, 2002 - putatively monophyletic[4]
- Stenophlepsiini Metcalf, 1938
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Larivière, Marie‐Claude; Hoch, Hannelore (1998). "The New Zealand planthopper genus Semo White (Hemiptera: Cixiidae): taxonomic review, geographical distribution, and biology". New Zealand Journal of Zoology 25 (4): 429–442, page 429. doi:10.1080/03014223.1998.9518166. Archived from the original on 9 January 2014. https://web.archive.org/web/20140109162907/http://download.naturkundemuseum-berlin.de/hannelore.hoch/lariviere_hoch_1998.pdf.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Emeljanov, A. F. (1989). "To the problem of division of the family Cixiidae (Homoptera, Cicadina)". Entomological Review 68 (4): 54–67. Archived from the original on 9 January 2014. https://web.archive.org/web/20140109163739/http://ag.udel.edu/delpha/1325.pdf.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 Emeljanov, A. F. (2002). "Contribution to classification and phylogeny of the family Cixiidae (Hemiptera, Fulgoromorpha)". Denisia 4: 103–112. Archived from the original on 9 January 2014. https://web.archive.org/web/20140109185408/http://www.landesmuseum.at/pdf_frei_remote/DENISIA_0004_0103-0112.pdf.
- ↑ 4.00 4.01 4.02 4.03 4.04 4.05 4.06 4.07 4.08 4.09 4.10 Ceotto, Paula; Bourgoin, Thierry (2008). "Insights into the phylogenetic relationships within Cixiidae (Hemiptera: Fulgoromorpha): cladistic analysis of a morphological dataset". Systematic Entomology 33 (3): 484–500. doi:10.1111/j.1365-3113.2008.00426.x. Archived from the original on 9 January 2014. https://web.archive.org/web/20140109173800/http://ag.udel.edu/delpha/538.pdf.
- ↑ Metcalf, Zeno Payne (1938). "The Fulgorina of Barro Colorado and other parts of Panama". Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology 82 (5): 277–423. http://biostor.org/reference/60327.
- ↑ Emeljanov, A. F. (1971). "New genera of leafhoppers of the families Cixiidae and Issidãe (Homoptera, Auchenorrhyncha) in the USSR". Entomological Review (Энтомологическое обозрение) 50 (3): 350–354. Archived from the original on 9 January 2014. https://web.archive.org/web/20140109165848/http://ag.udel.edu/delpha/1275.pdf.
- ↑ Holzinger, W. E.; Emeljanov, A. F.; Kammerlander, I. (2002). "The family Cixiidae Spinola 1839 (Hemiptera: Fulgoromorpha)–a review". Denisia 4: 113–138. Archived from the original on 9 January 2014. https://web.archive.org/web/20140109170819/http://www.landesmuseum.at/pdf_frei_remote/DENISIA_0004_0113-0138.pdf.
- ↑ Szwedo, Jacek (2004). "Autrimpus sambiorum gen. and sp. nov. from Eocene Baltic amber and notes on Mnemosynini stat. nov. (Hemiptera: Fulgoroidea: Cixiidae)". Annales Zoologici (BioOne (Museum and Institute of Zoology at the Polish Academy of Sciences)) 54 (3): 567–578. Abstract
External links
Wikidata ☰ Q8458406 entry
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