Biology:Cladida
From HandWiki
Short description: Parvclass of crinoids
| Cladida | |
|---|---|
| |
| Ulrichicrinus coryphaeus, a eucladid from the Mississippian-age Edwardsville Formation | |
Scientific classification 
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| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Echinodermata |
| Class: | Crinoidea |
| Subclass: | Pentacrinoidea |
| Infraclass: | Inadunata |
| Parvclass: | Cladida Moore and Laudon (1943)[1] |
| Subgroups | |
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Cladida is a major subgroup of crinoids with a complicated taxonomic history. Cladida was originally applied to a wide assortment of extinct crinoids with a dicyclic calyx. Under this original definition, cladids would represent a paraphyletic order ancestral to several other major crinoid groups, particularly the living Articulata. More recently, Cladida has been redefined as a monophyletic parvclass of pentacrinoids which encompasses articulates and the extinct Flexibilia (flexibles). Cladids also include various minor taxa such as the hybocrinids and "cyathocrines". As flexibles were not originally considered cladids, the new subgroup Eucladida has been erected for cladids which are more derived than flexibles. Cladida is the sister group to Disparida, another large group of extinct crinoids.[2]
Taxonomy
- Parvclass Cladida
- Superorder †Porocrinoidea
- Order †Hybocrinida
- Order †Porocrinida
- Superorder †Flexibilia
- Order †Sagenocrinida
- Order †Taxocrinida
- Magnorder Eucladida
- †Ampelocrinida (incertae sedis)
- Superorder †Cyathoformes[2] ("primitive cladids")[3]
- Articuliformes ("intermediate and advanced cladids")[3]
- †"Poteriocrinida" [in part][3]
- †"Dendrocrinida" [in part][3]
- Superorder Articulata
- Order †Encrinida
- Order †Holocrinida
- Order †Millericrinida
- Order †Roveacrinida
- Order †Uintacrinida
- Order Comatulida
- Order Cyrtocrinida
- Order Hyocrinida
- Order Isocrinida
- Superorder †Porocrinoidea
List of genera
- Aaglacrinus
- Aatocrinus
- Abrachiocrinus
- Acariaiocrinus
- Achradocrinus
- Acylocrinus
- Adinocrinus
- Aenigmocrinus
- Agassizocrinacea
- Agassizocrinoidea
- Agassizocrinus
- Aithriocrinus
- Alcimocrinus
- Allosycocrinus
- Alsopocrinus
- Ampelocrinida
- Ampheristocrinus
- Amphipsalidocrinus
- Anarchocrinus
- Anartiocrinus
- Ancyrocrinus
- Anemetocrinus
- Antihomocrinus
- Apektocrinidae
- Arachnocrinus
- Araeocrinus
- Armenocrinus
- Ascetocrinus
- Asymmetrocrinus
- Atelestocrinus
- Atractocrinus
- Atrapocrinus
- Atremacrinus
- Aulocrinus
- Aulodesocrinus
- Bactrocrinites
- Basleocrinus
- Bathericrinus
- Belanskicrinus
- Benthocrinus
- Bicidiocrinus
- Bolbocrinus
- Bollandocrinus
- Botryocrinidae
- Brabeocrinus
- Briseocrinus
- Bronaughocrinus
- Brychiocrinus
- Bursacrinus
- Cadocrinus
- Caelocrinus
- Carcinocrinus
- Carlopsocrinus
- Cathetocrinus
- Ceratocrinus
- Cercidocrinus
- Cestocrinus
- Clathrocrinus
- Clistocrinus
- Codiacrinus
- Coenocystis
- Contignatindocrinus
- Corematocrinus
- Corynecrinus
- Corythocrinus
- Cradeocrinus
- Cranocrinus
- Cricocrinus
- Cromyocrinacea
- Cromyocrinus
- Crotalocrinites
- Cryphiocrinus
- Culmicrinus
- Cyathocrinacea
- Cydrocrinus
- Cyliocrinus
- Dasciocrinus
- Denariocrinus
- Dendrocrinina
- Depaocrinus
- Derbiocrinus
- Dichostreblocrinus
- Dictenocrinus
- Dinotocrinus
- Edapocrinus
- Eifelocrinus
- Eirmocrinus
- Elicrinus
- Enallocrinus
- Eopilidiocrinus
- Epipetschoracrinus
- Eratocrinus
- Ethelocrinus
- Eucladida
- Euerisocrinus
- Eupachycrinus
- Euspirocrinus
- Exaetocrinus
- Exochocrinus
- Exoriocrinus
- Exterocrinus
- Fifeocrinus
- Flexibilia
- Follicrinus
- Forthocrinus
- Gastrocrinus
- Goniocrinus
- Gothocrinus
- Hallocrinus
- Harmostocrinus
- Harrellicrinus
- Hemiindocrinus
- Hemimollocrinus
- Hemistreptacron
- Holcocrinus
- Hosieocrinus
- Hydreionocrinus
- Hydriocrinus
- Hydroporocrinus
- Hylodecrinus
- Idaeumocrinus
- Idosocrinus
- Imitatocrinus
- Indocrinus
- Intermediacrinus
- Jahnocrinus
- Kalpidocrinus
- Kanabinocrinus
- Kansacrinus
- Kooptoonocrinus
- Kopficrinus
- Kophinocrinus
- Laccocrinus
- Lageniocrinus
- Lanecrinus
- Lasiocrinus
- Laudonocrinus
- Lebetocrinus
- Lecythocrinus
- Lekocrinus
- Linobrachiocrinus
- Linocrinus
- Lobalocrinus
- Lopadiocrinus
- Lophocrinacea
- Lophocrinus
- Malaiocrinus
- Manicrinus
- Mantikosocrinus
- Maragnicrinus
- Marathonocrinus
- Mathericrinus
- Menniscocrinus
- Metaffinocrinus
- Metasycocrinus
- Miatschkovocrinus
- Mictocrinus
- Moapocrinus
- Mollocrinus
- Monobrachiocrinus
- Mooreocrinus
- Moscovicrinus
- Myrtillocrinus
- Nacocrinus
- Nactocrinus
- Nanocrinus
- Nassoviocrinus
- Neocatacrinus
- Neolageniocrinus
- Nereocrinus
- Notiocrinus
- Nuxocrinus
- Oligobrachyocrinus
- Ophiurocrinus
- Oxynocrinus
- Pagecrinus
- Paianocrinus
- Parabotryocrinus
- Paracosmetocrinus
- Paracydonocrinus
- Paradelocrinus
- Paragraphiocrinus
- Parapernerocrinus
- Paraplasocrinus
- Parascytalocrinus
- Parastachyocrinus
- Parastephanocrinus
- Parasycocrinus
- Paratimorocidaris
- Parazeacrinites
- Parindocrinus
- Parisangulocrinus
- Parisocrinus
- Pegocrinus
- Pelecocrinus
- Pellecrinus
- Pentaramicrinus
- Pentececrinus
- Permiocrinus
- Pernerocrinus
- Petalambicrinus
- Petschoracrinus
- Phanocrinus
- Pilidiocrinus
- Pirasocrinus
- Platyfundocrinus
- Polygonocrinus
- Porocrinoidea
- Poteriocrinitina
- Premanicrinus
- Prininocrinus
- Proampelocrinus
- Probletocrinus
- Prochoidiocrinus
- Proctothylacocrinus
- Proindocrinus
- Prolobocrinus
- Psilocrinus
- Pskovicrinus
- Pulaskicrinus
- Pumilindocrinus
- Pyrenocrinus
- Ramulocrinus
- Retusocrinus
- Rhabdocrinus
- Rhadinocrinus
- Rhenocrinus
- Rhopalocrinus
- Rhopocrinus
- Rimosidocrinus
- Roemerocrinus
- Saccosompsis
- Sardinocrinus
- Sarocrinus
- Scammatocrinus
- Schedexocrinus
- Schistocrinus
- Schultzicrinus
- Scoliocrinus
- Scotiacrinus
- Sellardsicrinus
- Separocrinus
- Sigambrocrinus
- Simocrinus
- Sphaerocrinus
- Springericrinus
- Stachyocrinus
- Staphylocrinus
- Stinocrinus
- Streblocrinus
- Streptocrinus
- Sublobalocrinus
- Sycocrinites
- Syndetocrinus
- Tarachiocrinus
- Telikosocrinus
- Tenagocrinus
- Terpnocrinus
- Tetrabrachiocrinus
- Tetrapleurocrinus
- Texacrinacea
- Thalamocrinus
- Thenarocrinus
- Thetidicrinus
- Tholocrinus
- Thyridocrinus
- Timorechinus
- Treocrinus
- Trimerocrinus
- Tyrieocrinus
- Ulrichicrinus
- Ureocrinus
- Vasocrinus
- Wetherbyocrinus
- Woodocrinus
- Worthenocrinus
- Yakovlevicrinus
- Zeacrinitacea
- Zeacrinites
- Zeusocrinus
- Zostocrinus
- Zygotocrinus
References
- ↑ Evolution and Classification of Paleozoic Crinoids, Raymond Cecil Moore, Lowell Robert Laudon, 1943
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 Wright, David F.; Ausich, William I.; Cole, Selina R.; Peter, Mark E.; Rhenberg, Elizabeth C. (2017). "Phylogenetic taxonomy and classification of the Crinoidea (Echinodermata)" (in en). Journal of Paleontology 91 (4): 829–846. doi:10.1017/jpa.2016.142. ISSN 0022-3360. https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S0022336016001426/type/journal_article.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 Wright, David F. (2017-10-23). "Phenotypic Innovation and Adaptive Constraints in the Evolutionary Radiation of Palaeozoic Crinoids" (in en). Scientific Reports 7 (1): 13745. doi:10.1038/s41598-017-13979-9. ISSN 2045-2322. PMC 5653864. https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-017-13979-9.
External links
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Wikimedia Commons has media related to Cladida. |
- Cladida in the Paleobiology Database
Wikidata ☰ Q16948957 entry
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