Biology:Cladonia squamosa
| Cladonia squamosa | |
|---|---|
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Scientific classification 
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| Kingdom: | Fungi |
| Division: | Ascomycota |
| Class: | Lecanoromycetes |
| Order: | Lecanorales |
| Family: | Cladoniaceae |
| Genus: | Cladonia |
| Species: | C. squamosa
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| Binomial name | |
| Cladonia squamosa (Scop.) Hoff. (1796)
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| Synonyms | |
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Cladonia squamosa or the dragon cup lichen[2] is a species of cup lichen in the family Cladoniaceae.[3]
Description
The [[Glossary of lichen terms#{{biology:{1}}}|{{Biology:{1}}}]] is composed of medium-sized, crenate squamules, approximately 1.5-7 mm long, and 1-5 mm wide. The upper surface is fawn or tan to cinnamon-colored varying toward greenish grey. The apothecia are small, ranging from 0.5–3 mm. in diameter, and are located on the margin of the cups or at the ends of branches or proliferations. They are fawn to cinnamon-colored. The paraphyses are usually simple, sometimes thickened, and are brownish towards the apex. The hymenium is pale or pale-brownish below and brownish above. The asci are lecanoralean, with a thickened [[Glossary of lichen terms#{{biology:{1}}}|{{Biology:{1}}}]]. There are a usually 8 ascospores, which are oblong or oblong-obtuse to fusiform in shape, between 5-17 μm. long and 2.5-3.5 μm. wide. Conidia are [[Glossary of lichen terms#{{biology:{1}}}|{{Biology:{1}}}]] and 3-8 μm. long.[4][5]
Range
The species is widely distributed; it is found in Europe, North and South America, Asia, and on King George Island in Antarctica.[6][7] In Nepal, Cladonia squamosa has been reported from 1,800 to 4,000 m elevation in a compilation of published records.[8] It grows on mosses such as Chorisodontium aciphyllum, Polytrichum strictum, Andrea gainii, and Sanionia uncinata.
Biochemistry
Secondary metabolites of Cladonia squamosa include barbatic acid, decarboxythamnolic acid, thamnolic acid, squamatic acid as well as various unknown or unidentified terpenes and/or terpenoids.[5][9]
References
- ↑ NatureServe. "Cladonia squamosa" (in en). Arlington, Virginia. https://explorer.natureserve.org/Taxon/ELEMENT_GLOBAL.2.123233/.
- ↑ "Standardized Common Names for Wild Species in Canada". 2020. https://www.wildspecies.ca.
- ↑ "Dragon Horn (Cladonia squamosa)" (in en-US). https://www.inaturalist.org/taxa/117963-Cladonia-squamosa.
- ↑ Fink, Bruce (1907). Further Notes on Cladonias. IX. Cladonia squamosa and Cladonia subsquamosa. The Bryologist, Mar., 1907, Vol. 10, No. 2 (Mar., 1907), pp. 21-23. American Bryological and Lichenological Society.
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 "LIAS light - Item Descriptions". http://liaslight.lias.net/Descriptions/ItemID_1577.html.
- ↑ Noh, Hyun-Ju; Lee, Yung Mi; Park, Chae Haeng; Lee, Hong Kum; Cho, Jang-Cheon; Hong, Soon Gyu (2020). "Microbiome in Cladonia squamosa is vertically stratified according to microclimatic conditions". Frontiers in Microbiology 11. doi:10.3389/fmicb.2020.00268. PMID 32161575.
- ↑ Fink, Bruce (1907). "Further Notes on Cladonias. IX. Cladonia squamosa and Cladonia subsquamosa". The Bryologist 10 (2): 21–23. doi:10.2307/3238499.
- ↑ Baniya, Chitra Bahadur; Solhøy, Torstein; Gauslaa, Yngvar; Palmer, Michael W. (2010). "The elevation gradient of lichen species richness in Nepal". The Lichenologist 42 (1): 83–96. doi:10.1017/S0024282909008627.
- ↑ Culberson, Chicita F. (1970), Supplement to "Chemical and Botanical Guide to Lichen Products" The Bryologist, Summer, 1970, Vol. 73, No. 2 (Summer, 1970) p. 257, American Bryological and Lichenological Society
Wikidata ☰ Q22114140 entry}
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