Biology:Class II gene
A class II gene may refer to several types of genes:
MHC class II genes
A class II gene is a component of the major histocompatibility complex (also called human leukocyte antigen) which contribute to the body's overall immune response.[1][2]
These genes code alpha and beta-chains of proteins which makes up the MHC class II molecules.[3]
RNA Polymerase II-transcripted genes
Class II genes may also refer to any protein-coding genes which are transcribed by RNA Polymerase II.[4] These genes generally have a promoter which may contain a TATA box structure.[5] Formation of these types of genes requires a preinitiation complex.[4]
Olfactory receptor genes
The genes which code for olfaction are typically split into "Class I" and "Class II" genes. Class I genes are those which are found in more basal taxa of animals (e.g., teleosts), whereas Class II are those found exclusively in mammals, birds, and amphibians.[6][7]
Plant LBD genes
In some plants, the genes in the "Lateral Organ Boundary Development" (LBD) family are broken into classes. These genes are responsible for the formation and development of several critical structures and processes within plants, including pollen development and immune responses.[8]
Differentiation of these gene classes has to do with their evolutionary timeline, with class II genes having arisen more recently than those in class I.[9] These classes of genes may also be differentiated by structural differences that vary between plant taxa.[10]
References
- ↑ Zakharova, M.Y.; Belyanina, T.A.; Sokolov, A.V.; Kiselev, I.S.; Mamedov, A.E. (2019). "The Contribution of Major Histocompatibility Complex Class II Genes to an Association with Autoimmune Diseases". Acta Naturae 11 (4): 4–12. doi:10.32607/20758251-2019-11-4-4-12. PMID 31993230.
- ↑ Khan, T.; Rahman, M.; Ahmed, I.; Al Ali, F.; Jithesh, P.V.; Marr, N. (2022). "Human leukocyte antigen class II gene diversity tunes antibody repertoires to common pathogens". Frontiers in Immunology 13. doi:10.3389/fimmu.2022.856497. PMID 36003377.
- ↑ Ting, J. P.-Y.; Trowsdale, J. (2002). "Genetic Control of MHC Class II Expression". Cell 109 (2): S22 – S33. doi:10.1016/S0092-8674(02)00696-7. PMID 11983150. Bibcode: 2002Cell..109S..21T.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 Oelgeschläger, T.; Tao, Y.; Kang, Y.K.; Roeder, R.G. (1998). "Transcription Activation via Enhanced Preinitiation Complex Assembly in a Human Cell-Free System Lacking TAFIIs". Molecular Cell 1 (6): 925–931. doi:10.1016/S1097-2765(00)80092-1. PMID 9660976.
- ↑ Van Dyke, M.W.; Sawadogo, M.; Roeder, R.G. (1989). "Stability of Transcription Complexes on Class II Genes". Molecular and Cellular Biology 9 (1): 342–344. doi:10.1128/mcb.9.1.342-344.1989. PMID 2494433.
- ↑ Niimura, Y.; Nei, M. (2003). "Evolution of olfactory receptor genes in the human genome". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 100 (21): 12235–12240. doi:10.1073/pnas.1635157100. PMID 14507991. Bibcode: 2003PNAS..10012235N.
- ↑ Kratz, E.; Dugas, J.C.; Ngai, J. (2002). "Odorant receptor gene regulation: implications from genomic organization". Trends in Genetics 18 (1): 29–34. doi:10.1016/S0168-9525(01)02579-3. PMID 11750698.
- ↑ Grimplet, J; Pimentel, D.; Agudelo-Romero, P.; Martinez-Zapater, J.M.; Fortes, A.M. (2017). "The LATERAL ORGAN BOUNDARIES Domain gene family in grapevine: genome-wide characterization and expression analyses during developmental processes and stress responses". Scientific Reports 7 (1). doi:10.1038/s41598-017-16240-5. PMID 29162903. Bibcode: 2017NatSR...715968G.
- ↑ Yang, Y.; Yu, X.; Wu, P. (2006). "Comparison and evolution analysis of two rice subspecies LATERAL ORGAN BOUNDARIES domain gene family and their evolutionary characterization from Arabidopsis". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 39 (1): 248–262. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2005.09.016. PMID 16290186. Bibcode: 2006MolPE..39..248Y.
- ↑ Li, K.; Wei, Y.; Wang, Y.; Tan, B.; Chen, S.; Li, H. (2023). "Genome-Wide Identification of LBD Genes in Foxtail Millet (Setaria italica) and Functional Characterization of SiLBD21". International Journal of Molecular Sciences 24 (8). doi:10.3390/ijms24087110. PMID 37108274.
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