Biology:Colipase

Short description: Mammalian protein found in humans

Generic protein structure example

Colipase, abbreviated CLPS, is a protein co-enzyme required for optimal enzyme activity of pancreatic lipase. It is secreted by the pancreas in an inactive form, procolipase, which is activated in the intestinal lumen by trypsin. Its function is to prevent the inhibitory effect of bile salts on the lipase-catalyzed intraduodenal hydrolysis of dietary long-chain triglycerides.

In humans, the colipase protein is encoded by the CLPS gene.

Protein domain

Colipase is also a family of evolutionarily related proteins.

Colipase is a small protein cofactor needed by pancreatic lipase for efficient dietary lipid hydrolysis. Efficient absorption of dietary fats is dependent on the action of pancreatic triglyceride lipase. Colipase binds to the C-terminal, non-catalytic domain of lipase, thereby stabilising an active conformation and considerably increasing the hydrophobicity of its binding site. Structural studies of the complex and of colipase alone have revealed the functionality of its architecture.

Colipase is a small protein (12K) with five conserved disulphide bonds. Structural analogies have been recognised between a developmental protein (Dickkopf), the pancreatic lipase C-terminal domain, the N-terminal domains of lipoxygenases and the C-terminal domain of alpha-toxin. These non-catalytic domains in the latter enzymes are important for interaction with membrane. It has not been established if these domains are also involved in eventual protein cofactor binding as is the case for pancreatic lipase.

Colipase N-terminal domain Structure of the pancreatic lipase-colipase complex inhibited by a C11 alkyl phosphonate. Identifiers Symbol Colipase Pfam PF01114 InterPro IPR001981 PROSITE PDOC00111 SCOP2 1lpb / SCOPe / SUPFAM CDD cd00039 Available protein structures: Pfam   structures / ECOD   PDB RCSB PDB; PDBe; PDBj PDBsum structure summary PDB 1eth​, 1lpa​, 1lpb​, 1n8s​, 1pcn​, 1pco​

Colipase C-terminal domain
solution structure of porcine pancreatic procolipase as determined from 1h homonuclear two-and three-dimensional nmr
Identifiers
Symbol	Colipase_C
Pfam	PF02740
InterPro	IPR017914
PROSITE	PDOC00111
SCOP2	1lpb / SCOPe / SUPFAM
CDD	cd00039
Available protein structures: Pfam   structures / ECOD   PDB RCSB PDB; PDBe; PDBj PDBsum structure summary

See also

• Enterostatin

Further reading

• "Genetic variability of procolipase associates with altered insulin secretion in non-diabetic Caucasians". Exp. Clin. Endocrinol. Diabetes 117 (2): 83–7. 2009. doi:10.1055/s-2008-1078733. PMID 18726866. 
• "Colipase residues Glu64 and Arg65 are essential for normal lipase-mediated fat digestion in the presence of bile salt micelles". J. Biol. Chem. 276 (16): 12505–12. 2001. doi:10.1074/jbc.M009986200. PMID 11278590. 
• "Digestive lipases: from three-dimensional structure to physiology". Biochimie 82 (11): 973–86. 2000. doi:10.1016/S0300-9084(00)01179-2. PMID 11099794. 
• "Interfacial activation of the lipase-procolipase complex by mixed micelles revealed by X-ray crystallography". Nature 362 (6423): 814–20. 1993. doi:10.1038/362814a0. PMID 8479519. Bibcode: 1993Natur.362..814V. 
• "Procolipase gene: no association with early-onset obesity or fat intake". Obes Facts 2 (1): 40–4. 2009. doi:10.1159/000196379. PMID 20054203. 
• "Putative association between a new polymorphism in exon 3 (Arg109Cys) of the pancreatic colipase gene and type 2 diabetes mellitus in two independent Caucasian study populations". Mol Nutr Food Res 49 (10): 972–6. 2005. doi:10.1002/mnfr.200500087. PMID 16189801. 
• "The human colipase gene: isolation, chromosomal location, and tissue-specific expression". Biochemistry 31 (31): 7120–5. 1992. doi:10.1021/bi00146a013. PMID 1643046. 
• "Cloning and characterization of the human colipase cDNA". Biochemistry 29 (3): 823–8. 1990. doi:10.1021/bi00455a032. PMID 2337598. 
• "Colipase: structure and interaction with pancreatic lipase". Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1441 (2–3): 173–84. 1999. doi:10.1016/s1388-1981(99)00149-3. PMID 10570245. 
• "A polymorphism in the gene encoding procolipase produces a colipase, Arg92Cys, with decreased function against long-chain triglycerides". J. Lipid Res. 48 (11): 2478–84. 2007. doi:10.1194/jlr.M700371-JLR200. PMID 17715423. 
• "The Status, Quality, and Expansion of the NIH Full-Length cDNA Project: The Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC)". Genome Res. 14 (10B): 2121–7. 2004. doi:10.1101/gr.2596504. PMID 15489334. 
• "The primary sequence of human pancreatic colipase". Biochim. Biophys. Acta 784 (1): 75–80. 1984. doi:10.1016/0167-4838(84)90175-4. PMID 6691986. 
• "Human pancreatic lipase-related protein 2 is a galactolipase". Biochemistry 43 (31): 10138–48. 2004. doi:10.1021/bi049818d. PMID 15287741. 
• Lowe ME (1997). "Structure and function of pancreatic lipase and colipase". Annu. Rev. Nutr. 17: 141–58. doi:10.1146/annurev.nutr.17.1.141. PMID 9240923. 
• "Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 99 (26): 16899–903. 2002. doi:10.1073/pnas.242603899. PMID 12477932. Bibcode: 2002PNAS...9916899M. 
• "Regulation of lipases by lipid-lipid interactions: implications for lipid-mediated signaling in cells". Chem. Phys. Lipids 122 (1–2): 53–64. 2003. doi:10.1016/S0009-3084(02)00178-0. PMID 12598038. 
• "Structure of the pancreatic lipase-procolipase complex". Nature 359 (6391): 159–62. 1992. doi:10.1038/359159a0. PMID 1522902. Bibcode: 1992Natur.359..159V. 
• "Assignment of the human pancreatic colipase gene to chromosome 6p21.1 to pter". Genomics 10 (1): 262–5. 1991. doi:10.1016/0888-7543(91)90509-D. PMID 2045105. 

External links

• Colipases at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)
• PDBe-KB provides an overview of all the structure information available in the PDB for Pig Colipase

This article incorporates text from the public domain Pfam and InterPro: IPR001981