Biology:Conocybe aurea
| Conocybe aurea | |
|---|---|
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Scientific classification 
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| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Fungi |
| Division: | Basidiomycota |
| Class: | Agaricomycetes |
| Order: | Agaricales |
| Family: | Bolbitiaceae |
| Genus: | Conocybe |
| Species: | C. aurea
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| Binomial name | |
| Conocybe aurea (Jul.Schäff.) Hongo (1963)
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| Synonyms[1] | |
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Conocybe aurea is a basidiomycete fungus in the family Bolbitiaceae.[2][3]
Taxonomy
The fungus was first described to science in 1930 by German mycologist Julius Schäffer, who called it Galera aurea. Tsuguo Hongo transferred it to the genus Conocybe in 1963.[4] In 2000, Anton Hausknecht published the variety C. aurea var. hololeuca, but this taxon is not considered to have independent taxonomic significance by Index Fungorum.[5]
The species is related to Conocybe tenera.[6]
Habitat and distribution
Conocybe aurea is a saprobic fungus that prefers to grow in nitrate-rich soils, fields, woodchip mulch, old compost, and greenhouses. A rare but widespread species, it is found in Europe, Asia, North America, and South America.[7]
Description
The cap is orangish yellow, and up to 5 cm in diameter.[6] The gills and stipe are beige, the former browning with age.[6]
Cap: 0.8-2.2 cm wide or more, starting globose to campanulate before expanding to convex. The surface is smooth but not sticky and is golden yellow to orangy yellow with a deeper colour in the centre of the cap. The cap dries to a chrome yellow colour with paler centre flesh when dry. Gills: Adnate and subdistant with a ventricose bulge. 1.5-3mm wide. They start whitish before developing a cinnamon colour. Stem: 2.5-6.5 cm long and 2-3mm thick and equal across its length or tapering slightly upwards with a slightly bulbous 4-6mm thick base. The interior is hollow and the exterior surface is pruinose with striations and pale yellowish but often discolours to a brownish yellow (fulvous). Flesh: Thin, soft and the same colour as the surface of the cap. Smell: Slight. Taste: Mild. Spores: 10.5-13.5 x 6-7 μm. Elliptical and smooth with a hyaline, apical germ pore. Under the microscope they are yellow. Basidia: 29-37 x 11-12 μm. Four spored. Cheilocystidia: 22-30 x 8-11 μm. Pin-headed and hyaline with a thin wall. Caulocystidia: 22-30 x 7.5-10 μm. Similar to the cheilocystidia.[4]
Etymology
The specific epithet aurea is Latin for golden yellow.[8]
Toxicity
The toxicity is unknown. Related species are known to be toxic.[9]
Similar species
Conocybe apala is common, but with a whiter and more fragile conical cap.[6]
References
- ↑ "GSD Species Synonymy: Conocybe aurea (Jul. Schäff.) Hongo". Species Fungorum. CAB International. http://www.speciesfungorum.org/GSD/GSDspecies.asp?RecordID=328831. Retrieved 2015-12-08.
- ↑ "Species fungorum - Conocybe aurea (Jul. Schäff.) Hongo". https://www.speciesfungorum.org/Names/GSDSpecies.asp?RecordID=328831.
- ↑ "Mycobank Database - Conocybe aurea". https://www.mycobank.org/page/Name%20details%20page/name/Conocybe%20aurea.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 Hongo, Tsuguo (1963). "Notes on Japanese larger fungi (16)". The Journal of Japanese Botany 38 (8): 233–240. doi:10.51033/jjapbot.38_8_4966. https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/jjapbot/38/8/38_38_8_4966/_article/-char/en.
- ↑ Hausknecht A. (2000). "Beiträge zur Kenntnis der Bolbitiaceae 6. Die Conocybe tenera-Gruppe in Europa, Teil 1" (in German). Österreichische Zeitschrift für Pilzkunde 9: 73–109 (see p. 86).
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 6.3 Trudell, Steve; Ammirati, Joe (2009). Mushrooms of the Pacific Northwest. Timber Press Field Guides. Portland, OR: Timber Press. pp. 180. ISBN 978-0-88192-935-5. https://books.google.com/books?id=WevHvt6Tr8kC.
- ↑ Overall A, Hodge V. (2015). "Conocybe aurea, a rare British native or another coloniser?". Field Mycology 16 (1): 14–15. doi:10.1016/j.fldmyc.2015.01.006.
- ↑ Harrison, Lorraine (2012). Latin for Gardeners. University of Chicago Press. pp. 35. ISBN 978-0-226-00919-3. https://www.agrifs.ir/sites/default/files/Latin%20for%20Gardeners%2C%20Over%203%2C000%20Plant%20Names%20Explained%20and%20Explored%20%7BLorraine%20Harrison%7D%20%5B9780226009193%5D%20%282012%29_0.pdf.
- ↑ Siegel, Noah; Schwarz, Christian (2016). Mushrooms of the Redwood Coast: A Comprehensive Guide to the Fungi of Coastal Northern California. Berkeley: Ten Speed Press. p. 145. ISBN 9781607748175.
External links
Wikidata ☰ Q10458466 entry
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