Biology:Conus generalis

Conus generalis
	Apertural and abapertural views of shell of Conus generalis Linnaeus, C., 1767
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Mollusca
Class:	Gastropoda
Subclass:	Caenogastropoda
Order:	Neogastropoda
Superfamily:	Conoidea
Family:	Conidae
Genus:	Conus
Species:	C. generalis
Binomial name
	Conus generalis; Linnaeus, 1767
Synonyms
	Conus (Strategoconus) generalis Linnaeus, 1767 accepted, alternate representation; Conus generalis var. pallida Dautzenberg, 1937; Conus generalis var. regenfussi Dautzenberg, 1937; Conus generalis var. subunicolor Dautzenberg, 1937; Conus krabiensis da Motta, 1982; Conus spiculum Reeve, 1849; Conus spirogloxus Deshayes, 1863; Cucullus dux Röding, 1798; Cucullus filosus Röding, 1798; Cucullus locumtenens Röding, 1798; Strategoconus spiculum (Reeve, L.A., 1849); Strategoconus generalis (Linnaeus, 1767);

Short description: Species of sea snail

Conus generalis Linnaeus, C., 1767

Conus generalis, common name the general cone, is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Conidae, the cone snails and their allies.^[2]

These snails are predatory and venomous. They are capable of "stinging" humans, therefore live ones should be handled carefully or not at all.

Description

The size of an adult shell varies between 45 mm and 105 mm. The thick, broad spire is rather plane, with a characteristic, small, acuminate, raised apex. The color of the shell is orange-brown to chocolate, irregularly white-banded at the shoulder, in the middle, and at the base. These two or three bands are overlaid with zigzag or irregular chocolate-colored markings. The aperture is white.^[3]

Distribution

This species occurs in various shallow substrates in the Red Sea, in the Indian Ocean off Madagascar , Mauritius and Tanzania; in the Indo-West Pacific off Indonesia and the Philippines and from Northwest Australia to French Polynesia and the Ryukyu Islands; in the Central Indian Ocean along the Maldives.

Synonyms

Conus generalis maldivus Hwass in Bruguière, 1792: synonym of Conus maldivus Hwass in Bruguière, 1792
Conus generalis monteiroi Barros e Cunha, 1933: synonym of Conus maldivus Hwass in Bruguière, 1792
Conus generalis var. pallida Dautzenberg, 1937: synonym of Conus generalis Linnaeus, 1767
Conus generalis var. regenfussi Dautzenberg, 1937: synonym of Conus generalis Linnaeus, 1767
Conus generalis var. subunicolor Dautzenberg, 1937: synonym of Conus generalis Linnaeus, 1767

References

↑ Linnaeus, C., 1767. Systema Naturae per Regna Tria Naturae, 12th ed., 1, pt. 2
↑ ^2.0 ^2.1 Conus generalis Linnaeus, 1767. Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 24 July 2011.
↑ George Washington Tryon, Manual of Conchology vol. VI, p. 34

Linnaeus, C. (1767). Systema naturae sive regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Laurentii Salvii, Holmiae. 12th ed. v. 1 (pt 2): 533–1327
Röding, P.F. 1798. Museum Boltenianum sive Catalogus cimeliorum e tribus regnis naturae quae olim collegerat Joa. Hamburg : Trappii 199 pp.
Reeve, L.A. 1849. Monograph of the genus Conus. pls 4–9 in Reeve, L.A. (ed). Conchologia Iconica. London : L. Reeve & Co. Vol. 1.
Oostingh, C.H. 1925. Report on a collection of recent shells from Obi and Halmahera, Molluccas. Mededeelingen van de Landbouwhoogeschool te Wageningen 29(1): 1–362
Dautzenberg, Ph. (1929). Mollusques testacés marins de Madagascar. Faune des Colonies Francaises, Tome III
Dautzenberg, P. 1937. Gastéropodes marins. 3-Famille Conidae'; Résultats Scientifiques du Voyage aux Indes Orientales Néerlandaises de LL. AA. RR. Le Prince et la Princesse de Belgique. Mémoires du Musée Royal d'Histoire Naturelle de Belgique 2(18): 284 pp, 3 pls
Allan, J.K. 1950. Australian Shells: with related animals living in the sea, in freshwater and on the land. Melbourne : Georgian House xix, 470 pp., 45 pls, 112 text figs.
Gillett, K. & McNeill, F. 1959. The Great Barrier Reef and Adjacent Isles: a comprehensive survey for visitor, naturalist and photographer. Sydney : Coral Press 209 pp.
Rippingale, O.H. & McMichael, D.F. 1961. Queensland and Great Barrier Reef Shells. Brisbane : Jacaranda Press 210 pp.
Wilson, B.R. & Gillett, K. 1971. Australian Shells: illustrating and describing 600 species of marine gastropods found in Australian waters. Sydney : Reed Books 168 pp.
Hinton, A. 1972. Shells of New Guinea and the Central Indo-Pacific. Milton : Jacaranda Press xviii 94 pp.
Cernohorsky, W.O. 1978. Tropical Pacific Marine Shells. Sydney : Pacific Publications 352 pp., 68 pls.
Cernohorsky, W.O. 1980. The taxonomy of some Indo-Pacific Mollusca. Part 7. Records of the Auckland Institute and Museum 16: 171–187
Motta, A.J. da 1982. Seventeen new cone shell names (Gastropoda: Conidae). Publicaçoes Ocasionais da Sociedade Portuguesa de Malacologia 1: 1–26
Wilson, B. 1994. Australian Marine Shells. Prosobranch Gastropods. Kallaroo, WA : Odyssey Publishing Vol. 2 370 pp.
Röckel, D., Korn, W. & Kohn, A.J. 1995. Manual of the Living Conidae. Volume 1: Indo-Pacific Region. Wiesbaden : Hemmen 517 pp.
Filmer R.M. (2001). A Catalogue of Nomenclature and Taxonomy in the Living Conidae 1758 – 1998. Backhuys Publishers, Leiden. 388pp.
Tucker J.K. (2009). Recent cone species database. September 4, 2009 Edition
Puillandre N., Duda T.F., Meyer C., Olivera B.M. & Bouchet P. (2015). One, four or 100 genera? A new classification of the cone snails. Journal of Molluscan Studies. 81: 1–23