Biology:Daphniphyllum calycinum

From HandWiki
Short description: Species of shrub in Daphniphyllaceae family from Vietnam and China

Daphniphyllum calycinum
牛耳楓 Daphniphyllum calycinum -香港青松觀 Tuen Mun, Hong Kong- (9227115971).jpg
Scientific classification edit
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Order: Saxifragales
Family: Daphniphyllaceae
Genus: Daphniphyllum
Species:
D. calycinum
Binomial name
Daphniphyllum calycinum
Benth.
Synonyms[2]
  • Daphniphyllum calleryanum Baill.
  • Daphniphyllum gaudichaudianum Baill.

Daphniphyllum calycinum is a species of shrubby plant in the family Daphniphyllaceae. It is found in northern Vietnam and Southeastern China . It is used in biodiesel and in lubrication, soap-making and Chinese medicine.

Taxonomy

The species is in section Lunata of Daphniphyllum, along with D. griffithianum and D. majus.[3]

"[T]he premier systematic botanist of the nineteenth century", George Bentham (1800-84), English, described this plant in 1861 in his publication Flora Hongkongensis; a description of the flowering plants and ferns of the island of Hongkong[4][5]

Description

This species grows as a shrub some 1-5-4m tall. The grayish-brown branches are sparsely lenticillate. The petioles are some 4 to 8cm long. The obovate to obovate-elliptic leaf blades are 12-16 by 4-9 cm in size, they are chartaceous, glaucous/hairy and are inconspicuously papillate on lower surface; broadly cuneate leaf base, slightly reflexed margins and obtuse to rounded apex, mucronate; 8-11 pairs of later veins are visible on upper surface, prominent on lower. Male flowers have an 8-10 cm pedicel and a discoid calyx with 3 or 4 broadly triangular lobes, 9 or 10 stamens some 3 mm long with very short filaments, oblong laterally-compressed anthers, connective exserted. Female flowers have a 5-6 mm pedicel, broadly-triangular calyx-loves about 1.5mm in size, ellipsoidal ovary 1.5-2 mm in size, very short style, 2 recurved stigmas. The Infructescence/fruiting head is some 4-5 cm in size, densely arranged with ovoid-ellipsoidal, tubercalate[check spelling], glaucous drupes some 7 by 4 mm in size, with persistent calyx and style branches. Flowering occurs from April to June, while fruiting is from August to November.[6]

Distinguishing characteristics of this species are: the size (9-16 by 4-9 cm) and shape (obovate to obovate-elliptic) of the leaf blade, the obtuse to rounded apex; and size (about 7 mm), dense arrangement and glaucousness of the fruit.[7]

Distribution

The plant is native to an area from northern Vietnam to southeastern Zhōngguó/China (Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Hong Kong, south Hunan, south Jiangxi).[2][6]

Habitat and ecology

The shrub grows in forests and thickets at altitudes of occasionally below 100m but mainly 200-700m.[6]

Daphniphyllum calycinum is present on the degraded hillside shrublands of Hong Kong, it is common there in scrubland and forest edges.[8][9] Birds disperse the dry-season fruiting seeds.

The follicular micromycete, or sac-fungi, Mycosphaerella fasciculata, in the Mycosphaerellaceae family, uses this species as a host.[10]

Conservation

While this species has a very wide distribution with a large population, and it there are no current major or future significant threats identified, like most plant and ecosystems it is a continuing decline in area, extent and/or quality of habitat, and so is of conservation concern.[1]

Vernacular names

  • vai lá xoan ngược is a name used in Vietnam.[11]
  • 牛耳枫, niu er feng, or niu-er-fon, is a name used in Zhōngguó/China[6][12]

Uses

The seeds provide abundant oil that was used in lubrication and to make refined soap, however recently because of its toxicity it is only used in biodiesel.[6][12] Roots and leaves are used within Chinese medicine. The plant has many alkaloids and other active ingredients, see for example Wu et al., 2013.[12]

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Wu, J.; Qin, h.; Botanic Gardens Conservation International (BGCI).; IUCN SSC Global Tree Specialist Group (2019). "Daphniphyllum calycinum". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2019: e.T147379344A147619324. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-2.RLTS.T147379344A147619324.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/147379344/147619324. Retrieved 20 November 2021. 
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 "Daphniphyllum calycinum Benth.". Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:344216-1. 
  3. ↑ Tang, M.-S.; Yang, Y.-P.; Sheue, C.-R. (2009). "Comparative morphology on leaves of Daphniphyllum (Daphniphyllaceae)". Blumea 54: 63–8. doi:10.3767/000651909X474104. http://www.repository.naturalis.nl/record/524761. 
  4. ↑ "Daphniphyllum calycinum Benth., Fl. Hongk. 316 (1861).". The Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. https://www.ipni.org/n/344216-1. 
  5. ↑ Bentham, George (1861). Flora Hongkongensis; a description of the flowering plants and ferns of the island of Hongkong.. Henrietta Street, Covent Garden, London: Lovell Reeve. https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/18413209#page/9/mode/1up. Retrieved 6 March 2021. 
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 6.3 6.4 Min, Tianlu; Kubitzki, Klaus. "FOC: Family List: FOC Vol. 11: Daphniphyllaceae: Daphniphyllum: 7. Daphniphyllum calycinum Bentham, Fl. Hongk. 316. 1861.". eFloras.org. http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=200012618. 
  7. ↑ Min, Tianlu; Kubitzki, Klaus. "FOC: Family List: FOC Vol. 11: Daphniphyllaceae: 1. Daphniphyllum Blume, Bijdr. 13: 1152. 1826.". eFloras.org. http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=109299. 
  8. ↑ Hau, Billy C.H.; Corlett, Richard T. (2002). "A survey of trees and shrubs on degraded hillsides in Hong Kong". Memoirs of the Hong Kong Natural History Society 25: 84–94. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/236002044. Retrieved 6 March 2021. 
  9. ↑ Hau, Billy C.H.; So, Ken K.Y. (2003). 17 Using native tree species to restore degraded hillsides in Hong Kong, China. pp. 179–90. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/266876864. Retrieved 6 March 2021. 
  10. ↑ Braun, Uwe; Hönig, Lydia; Schwaß, Rowena (2016). "New records of foliicolous micromycetes from the Chinese Jiangxi Province". Schlechtendalia 30: 1–7. https://public.bibliothek.uni-halle.de/index.php/schlechtendalia/article/download/657/683. Retrieved 6 March 2021. 
  11. ↑ Nguyễn Tiến Bân; with 19 others (2000). Tên cây rừng Việt Nam: Nhà xuất bản Nông nghiệp. p. 156. https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vai_l%C3%A1_xoan_ng%C6%B0%E1%BB%A3c. Retrieved 6 March 2021. 
  12. ↑ 12.0 12.1 12.2 Wu, Haifeng; and five others (2013). "Daphniphyllum Alkaloids: Recent Findings on Chemistry and Pharmacology". Planta Med 79 (17): 1589–1598. doi:10.1055/s-0033-1351024. PMID 24214836. https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/186678087.pdf. Retrieved 6 March 2021. 

Wikidata ☰ Q15239178 entry



Retrieved from "https://handwiki.org/wiki/index.php?title=Biology:Daphniphyllum_calycinum&oldid=2749615"