Biology:Diamond tetra
| Diamond tetra | |
|---|---|
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Scientific classification 
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| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Actinopterygii |
| Order: | Characiformes |
| Family: | Characidae |
| Genus: | Makunaima |
| Species: | M. pittieri
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| Binomial name | |
| Makunaima pittieri (C. H. Eigenmann, 1920)
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| Synonyms[2] | |
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The diamond tetra (Makunaima pittieri) is a species freshwater ray-finned fish belonging to the family Acestrorhamphidae, the American tetras. This species is found in and around Lake Valencia in Venezuela.
Taxonomy
The diamond tetra was first formally described as Moenkhausia pittieri in 1920 by the German-born American Carl H. Eigenmann with its type locality given as "Concejo, Río Tiquirito, Venezuela". This species is now classified in the genus Makunaima which was proposed by Guillermo Enrique Terán, Mauricio F. Benítez and Juan Marcos Mirande in 2020. In 1935 Ernst Ahl described a new species which he named Opisthanodus haerteli and for which he gave a type locality of the Para River in Brazil, this however was an error as the holotype was an aquarium import. This taxon has been regraded as a synonym of Moenkhausia pittieri, if this synonymy is correct then Opisthanodus is the senior synonym of Makunaima. However, Opisthanodus haerteli and Opisthanodus are both now regarded as nomina dubia.[3] The genus Makunaima is classified within the subfamily Megalamphodinae, the red tetras,[4] of the American tetra family Acestrorhamphidae within the suborder Characoidei of the order Characiformes.[5]
Etymology
The diamond tetra is classified within the genus Makunaima, this name being that of a creation god in the mythology of a number of Amazonian tribes. Makunaima created the animals and a great tree which gave rise to all the food plants. The specific name was not explained by Eigenmann but most likely honours the Swiss-born geographer and botanist Henri François Pittier, a Venezualan resident who collected some specimens for Eigenmann.[4]
Description
The diamond tetra has males which tend to be larger than the females and which have a greater number of the reflective scales that the common name of this species refer to. As these fishes mature their pelvic, dorsal and anal fins become elongated, developing a violet sheen in males and being transluscent in females.[6] This species has a maximum standard length of 6.0 cm (2.4 in).[7]
Distribution and habitat
Diamond tetras are endemic to the northern area of Venezuela where they are only found in Lake Valencia, located between the states Carabobo and Aragua, and its tributaries. They inhabit slow moving streams with abundant vegetation and leaf litter. These fish are threatened by urban growth, which destroys and pollutes their habitat. The species has seemingly disappeared completely from Lake Valencia, where they were collected initially. In 2009 the Venezuelan underwater photographer Ivan Mikolji was able to find and photograph a population of this fish in a stream nearby Lake Valencia.[8]
Utilisation
The diamond tetra is bred for export in the aquarium trade.[1]
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Mikolji, I., Lasso-Alcalá, O., Quintero-T., E. & Bello P., J.A. (2024). "Moenkhausia pittieri". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2024. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2024-1.RLTS.T177428990A177428994.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/177428990/177428994. Retrieved 6 September 2024.
- ↑ Eschmeyer, William N.; Fricke, Ron; van der Laan, Richard, eds. "Species related to Makunaima pittieri". California Academy of Sciences. http://researcharchive.calacademy.org/research/ichthyology/catalog/fishcatget.asp?tbl=species&genus=Makunaima&species=pittieri.
- ↑ Eschmeyer, William N.; Fricke, Ron; van der Laan, Richard, eds. "Species in the genus Makunaima". California Academy of Sciences. http://researcharchive.calacademy.org/research/ichthyology/catalog/fishcatget.asp?tbl=species&genus=Makunaima.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 Christopher Scharpf (3 October 2025). "Family ACESTRORHAMPHIDAE Eigenmann 1907 (American Tetras)". The ETYFish Project Fish Name Etymology Database. Christopher Scharpf. https://etyfish.org/acestrorhamphidae/.
- ↑ "Eschmeyer's Catalog of Fishes Classification". Eschmeyer's Catalog of Fishes. California Academy of Sciences. https://www.calacademy.org/scientists/catalog-of-fishes-classification.
- ↑ "Moenkhausia pittieri Diamond Tetra". https://www.seriouslyfish.com/species/moenkhausia-pittieri/.
- ↑ Froese, Rainer and Pauly, Daniel, eds. (2025). "Makunaima pittieri" in FishBase. April 2025 version.
- ↑ "Diamond Tetras". https://www.aquatic-experts.com/ARTICLE_First_Ever_Photos_of_Diamond_Tetras_in_their_natural_habitat.html.
- http://aquatic-experts.com/ARTICLE_First_Ever_Photos_of_Diamond_Tetras_in_their_natural_habitat.html
- http://aquatic-experts.com/Moenkhausia_pittieri.html
- Froese, Rainer and Pauly, Daniel, eds. (2007). "Moenkhausia pittieri" in FishBase. January 2007 version.
- "Moenkhausia pittieri". Integrated Taxonomic Information System. https://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=162986. Retrieved January 29, 2007.
- Riehl R. & Baensch H: Aquarium Atlas (vol. 1), Voyageur Press, 1996, ISBN 3-88244-050-3
- https://web.archive.org/web/20110120185420/http://www.bettatrading.com.au/Diamond-Tetra-Fact-Sheet.php
- https://mikolji.com/article/diamond-tetras-moenkhausia-pittieri-wild
Wikidata ☰ Q13222859 entry
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