Biology:Disymphia
Disymphia molitorella (mud carp or dace) is a species of ray-finned fish in a monospecific genus found mainly in southern China and Vietnam.
History
The mud carp is a native Asian freshwater fish with a broad distribution from the Mekong River to the Pearl River deltas, inhabiting lakes, rivers and reservoirs.[citation needed]
Mud carp cultivation was introduced to China during the Tang dynasty (618–907 AD) as a substitute for common carp, as the common carp was forbidden to fish due to a ban.[1] Chinese aquaculture farmers adapted by raising mud carp, which were bottom feeders, in polyculture with top-feeding grass carp, while silver carp or bighead carp lived and fed in the middle depths.[2]
Habitat
Mud carp is typically a subtropical fish.[3] The mud carp is found in the mud and Mekong River and Pearl River delta, as well as bodies of freshwater along these two rivers.[citation needed] In China's Guangdong province and Guangxi autonomous region, mud carp makes up about 30% of the freshwater fish population.[4]
The fish has been introduced to Indonesia, Singapore, Japan, Taiwan, and Hong Kong.[1]
Within China the fish is raised on fish farms.[citation needed]
Dispersion
The mud carp is native to Southern China and parts of Mainland Southeast Asia. It is present in major river systems such as the Pearl River, Red River (China/Vietnam), Mekong River, and Chao Phraya River.[1]
Diet
Mud carp is an omnivore and mainly consumes water plants or insects. Farm raised carp are fed pellets.[citation needed]
Culinary use
Due to low cost of production, the fish is mainly consumed by the poor and locally consumed; it is mostly sold live and eaten fresh, but can be dried and salted.[1] Increased fishing has threatened wild populations of mud carp.[5]
The fish is sometimes canned (typically as fried dace with salted black beans) or processed as fish cakes, fish balls [6] or dumplings. They can be found for retail sale within China and throughout the Chinese diaspora.[1] Canned dace from China has periodically been found to carry traces of malachite green, a carcinogenic antimicrobial banned for use in food.[7][8][9]
See also
- Dace
- Common carp
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 Z., Xinping (7 April 2006). "Cultured Aquatic Species Information Programme. Cirrhinus molitorella.". Rome: FAO Fisheries Division. https://www.fao.org/fishery/en/culturedspecies/cirrhinus_molitorella/en.
- ↑ Fagan 2017, Ch. 17.
- ↑ FAO 1983, p. 15.
- ↑ Rath 2011, p. 22.
- ↑ Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; no text was provided for refs namedIUCN - ↑ "Carp Family". http://www.clovegarden.com/ingred/sf_carpz.html.
- ↑ "Detention Without Physical Examination of Aquacultured, Shrimp, Dace, and Eel from China-Presence of New Animal Drugs and/or Unsafe Food Additives". United States FDA. 2020-09-30. https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/CMS_IA/importalert_33.html.
- ↑ "CFS finds traces of malachite green in two tinned fried dace samples" (Press release). Hong Kong. Hong Kong Centre for Food Safety. 2015-08-29. Retrieved 2020-11-11.
- ↑ "CFS finds traces of malachite green in canned fried dace sample" (Press release). Hong Kong. Hong Kong Centre for Food Safety. 2019-09-19. Retrieved 2020-11-11.
Bibliography
- Froese, Rainer and Pauly, Daniel, eds. (2006). "Cirrhinus molitorella" in FishBase. April 2006 version.
- Rath, Rajendra Kumar (2011). Freshwater aquaculture (3rd revised and enlarged ed.). Scientific Publishers (India). ISBN 978-81-7233-694-3. OCLC 1138534747. https://books.google.com/books?id=Q8k4DwAAQBAJ.
- Freshwater aquaculture development in China (Technical report). FAO Fisheries Technical Paper. Vol. 215 (published 1983). 22 April – 20 May 1980. ISBN 92-5-101113-3. OCLC 10455698.
- Fagan, Brian (2017). Fishing: How the sea fed civilization. Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0-300-21534-2. OCLC 978291325. https://books.google.com/books?id=bUQzDwAAQBAJ.
External links
Template:Carp Wikidata ☰ Q139513 entry
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