Biology:Dixie Lee pea
| Dixie Lee pea | |
|---|---|
| Species | Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp. |
| Cultivar group | 'Unguiculata' |
| Cultivar | Crowder type |
| Marketing names | Dixielee Pea[1] and Dixie-lee pea[2] |
| Origin | North Carolina |
The Dixie Lee Pea is an heirloom variety of cowpea popular in the Carolinas, although prevalent throughout most of the American south.[3]
History
Prelude
The centre of diversity of the cultivated cowpea is West Africa, leading an early consensus that this is the likely centre of origin and place of early domestication.[4] Charred remains of cowpeas have been found in rock shelters located in Central Ghana dating to the 2nd millennium BCE.[5] By the 17th century cowpeas began to be cultivated in the New World via the Trans-Atlantic slave trade, being used as slave food and provisions.[6][4]
Origin
The origin of the word Dixie is unknown but since its first use in 1859; it has referred to someone from the South, akin to the use of Yankee in the North.[7] Like the name implies and similar to that of the history of the Iron and Clay pea it was a popular variety in the Confederate states of America.[8] After the Civil War Dixie Lee peas kept many southerners from starving to death, prior to which cowpeas were solely reserved as livestock feed and slave food.[9][10]
Cultivation
They prefer to grow in light sandy soils.[1] They are harvested from June in North Carolina.[11]
Culinary use
They are mainly grown for their medium-sized, edible bean.[12] The pod is green in colour,[12] slender and can be up to 7 inches long.[13] When cooked the peas turn brown,[14] and are very sweet to the taste. They can be used in various recipes including with ham hock and onions,[1][15] or on the barbeque.[13]
See also
- Black-eyed pea
- Sea Island red pea
- Hoppin' John
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Nancy Jackson Pleitt Fenner Descendants of Thomas William Holland and Milley Boyett, p. 400, at Google Books
- ↑ "A pea is a pea, or IS IT?". https://aggie-horticulture.tamu.edu/extension/newsletters/vpmnews/dec01/art3dec.html.
- ↑ Yu, Kaila. "The Ultimate Guide to Dixie Lee Peas | NomList" (in en-US). https://www.nomlist.com/the-ultimate-guide-to-dixie-lee-peas/.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 Ogunkanmi, L. A.; Taiwo, A.; Mogaji, O. L.; Awobodede, A.; Eziashi, E. E.; Ogundipe, O. T. (2005–2006). "Assessment of genetic diversity among cultivated cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp.) cultivars from a range of localities across West Africa using agronomic traits". Journal Sci. Res. Dev. 10: 111–118.
- ↑ D'Andrea (2007). "Early domesticated cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) from Central Ghana". Antiquity 81 (313): 686–698. doi:10.1017/S0003598X00095661.
- ↑ Perrino, P.; Laghetti, G.; Spagnoletti Zeuli, P. L.; Monti, L. M. (1993). "Diversification of cowpea in the Mediterranean and other centres of cultivation.". Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution 40 (3): 121–132. doi:10.1007/bf00051116.
- ↑ "dixie | Origin and meaning of the name dixie by Online Etymology Dictionary" (in en). https://www.etymonline.com/word/dixie.
- ↑ "Cowpeas please! The History and Importance of the Cowpea Plant - Dave's Garden". https://www.davesgarden.com/guides/articles/.
- ↑ Yu, Kaila. "The Ultimate Guide to Dixie Lee Peas | NomList" (in en-US). https://www.nomlist.com/the-ultimate-guide-to-dixie-lee-peas/.
- ↑ "Beans and Field Peas | University of North Carolina Press ~ Sandra A. Gutierrez | Preview" (in en). https://flexpub.com/preview/beans-and-field-peas.
- ↑ Stephen, Paul (8 July 2013). "A field guide to field peas". starnewsonline.com. http://www.starnewsonline.com/news/20130708/a-field-guide-to-field-peas. Retrieved 2 February 2017.
- ↑ 12.0 12.1 Douglas C. Sanders (1997-09-01). "Southern Peas". North Carolina State University. http://www.ces.ncsu.edu/depts/hort/hil/hil-20.html. Retrieved 2011-06-26.
- ↑ 13.0 13.1 Sandra A. Gutierrez Beans and Field Peas: a Savor the South® cookbook, p. 49, at Google Books
- ↑ Susan Slack (2009-09-28). "Farmer's Market Report: Dixie Lee Peas". http://susanslacktasteofcarolina.wordpress.com/2008/09/08/farmers-market-report-dixie-lee-peas/. Retrieved 2011-06-26.
- ↑ Fred Thompson Fred Thompson’s Southern Sides: 250 Dishes That Really Make the Plate, p. 219, at Google Books
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