Biology:Eudorina

From HandWiki

Eudorina is a genus of green algae in the family Volvocaceae,[1] containing about seven species. It has a cosmopolitan distribution in freshwater habitats.[2]

Description

Eudorina colonies typically consist of 16, 32 or 64 cells, each of which is similar to Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. These cells are bedded within an extracellular matrix composed of glycoproteins. Colonies are spherical and motile, with motility derived from the flagellated individual cells. Cells are ovoid or spherical, each with two equal flagella.[2] (In one species Eudorina compacta, the cells essentially touch each other, and are strikingly angular due to mutual compression.) [3] There is a single cup-shaped chloroplast with one (basal) or multiple pyrenoids) and a stigma. Multiple contractile vacuoles are scattered throughout the cytoplasm.[2]

Eudorina is facultatively sexual, meaning colonies can reproduce either sexually or asexually.[4] During development, each Chlamydomonas-like cell undergoes several rounds of division to form curved plates called plakeas, which then invert to form daughter colonies before hatching out of the mother colony.[5] Sexual reproduction is anisogamous; cells divide successively and differentiate into sperm packets, or develop into female gametes (without division).[6]

Eudorina elegans

Taxonomy

Although the most common species of Eudorina (E. elegans) is very different from the most common species of Pandorina (P. morum), forms intermediate in morphology between Eudorina and Pandorina exist, such as Pandorina/Eudorina charkowiensis and Pandorina unicocca. These have been reclassified to other genera, namely Colemanosphaera and Yamagishiella, respectively.[2] In particular, Eudorina is very similar to Yamagishiella, differing mainly in its mode of reproduction (anisogamous in Eudorina, isogamous in Yamagishiella) and number/placement of contractile vacuoles.[7]

Molecular phylogenetic studies show that Eudorina is paraphyletic with respect to Pleodorina and Volvox (excluding section Volvox).[2] Taxonomically, Eudorina has been confused with Pleodorina. In particular, Eudorina illinoisensis (syn. Pleodorina illinoisensis) blurs the boundaries between the two genera by having four anterior cells which are facultatively somatic.[2] Currently, Eudorina is distinguished from Pleodorina by the absence or presence of obligately somatic cells.[8]

Phylogenetic relationships are as follows (not all species of Eudorina are included:[9][10][11][12]

 
 

Yamagishiella (outgroup)

 
 
 

Eudorina minodii + Eudorina elegans pro parte + Eudorina compacta[3]

 
 
 

Pleodorina thompsonii

 
 
 

Eudorina unicocca + Eudorina peripheralis

 
 

Eudorina cylindrica + Eudorina illinoisensis + Eudorina elegans pro parte

 
 
 

Pleodorina starrii + Pleodorina indica

 
 
 

Eudorina elegans pro parte

 
 

Volvox sect. Besseyosphaera

 
 
 
 
 
 
 

Volvox aureus + Pleodorina pro parte

 
 

Volvox sect. Merrillosphaera

 
 
 
 

References

  1. ↑ See the NCBI webpage on Eudorina. Data extracted from the "NCBI taxonomy resources". National Center for Biotechnology Information. https://ftp.ncbi.nih.gov/pub/taxonomy/. 
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 Nakada, Takashi; Nozaki, Hisayoshi (2014). "Chapter 6. Flagellate Green Algae". Freshwater Algae of North America: Ecology and Classification (2 ed.). Elsevier Inc.. pp. 265–313. ISBN 978-0-12-385876-4. 
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 Nozaki, Hisayoshi; Matsuzaki, Ryo; Kashindye, Benedicto Boniphace; Ezekiel, Charles Nyarongo; Shaban, Sophia; Kawachi, Masanobu; Aibara, Mitsuto; Nikaido, Masato (2019). "Morphology, phylogeny, and taxonomy of two species of colonial volvocine green algae from Lake Victoria, Tanzania". PLOS ONE 14 (11). doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0224269. PMID 31710621. Bibcode: 2019PLoSO..1424269N. 
  4. ↑ Coleman, AW (2012). "A Comparative Analysis of the Volvocaceae (Chlorophyta)1". Journal of Phycology 48 (3): 491–513. doi:10.1111/j.1529-8817.2012.01168.x. PMID 27011065. 
  5. ↑ Gottlieb; Goldstein (1977). "Colony development in Eudorina elegans". Journal of Phycology 13: 358–364. doi:10.1111/j.1529-8817.1977.tb02942.x. 
  6. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named AlgaeBase
  7. ↑ Yamada, Toshihiro K.; Miyaji, Kazuyuki; Nozaki, Hisayoshi (2008). "A taxonomic study of Eudorina unicocca (Volvocaceae, Chlorophyceae) and related species, based on morphology and molecular phylogeny". European Journal of Phycology 43 (3): 317–326. doi:10.1080/09670260701763484. Bibcode: 2008EJPhy..43..317Y. 
  8. ↑ Guiry, M.D.; Guiry, G.M. (2008). "". AlgaeBase. World-wide electronic publication, National University of Ireland, Galway. http://www.algaebase.org/browse/taxonomy/?id=43495. 
  9. ↑ Nozaki, Hisayoshi (2006). "Morphology, molecular phylogeny and taxonomy of two new species of Pleodorina (Volvocaceae, Chlorophyceae)". Journal of Phycology 42 (5): 1072–1080. doi:10.1111/j.1529-8817.2006.00255.x. Bibcode: 2006JPcgy..42.1072N. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1529-8817.2006.00255.x. Retrieved 3 June 2024. 
  10. ↑ Lindsey, Charles Ross; Rosenzweig, Frank; Herron, Matthew D. (2021). "Phylotranscriptomics points to multiple independent origins of multicellularity and cellular differentiation in the volvocine algae". BMC Biology 19 (1): 182. doi:10.1186/s12915-021-01087-0. PMID 34465312. Bibcode: 2021BMCB...19..182L. 
  11. ↑ Ma, Xiaoya; Shi, Xuan; Wang, Qiuping; Zhao, Mengru; Zhang, Zhenhua; Zhong, Bojian (2023). "A Reinvestigation of Multiple Independent Evolution and Triassic–Jurassic Origins of Multicellular Volvocine Algae". Genome Biology and Evolution 15 (8). doi:10.1093/gbe/evad142. PMID 37498572. 
  12. ↑ Lindsey, Charles Ross; Knoll, Andrew H.; Herron, Matthew D.; Rosenzweig, Frank (2024-04-10). "Fossil-calibrated molecular clock data enable reconstruction of steps leading to differentiated multicellularity and anisogamy in the Volvocine algae". BMC Biology 22 (1): 79. doi:10.1186/s12915-024-01878-1. ISSN 1741-7007. PMID 38600528. Bibcode: 2024BMCB...22...79L. 

Wikidata ☰ Q310125 entry



Retrieved from "https://handwiki.org/wiki/index.php?title=Biology:Eudorina&oldid=4105193"