Biology:Euphaeidae

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Euphaeidae, sometimes incorrectly named Epallagidae and commonly called gossamerwings, is a family of damselflies in the odonate superfamily Calopterygoidea.[1] The family is small, consisting of around 78 living species in nine genera occurring in the Palearctic, Australasia, and Asia. The family contains two subfamilies, Euphaeinae, encompassing all the living species and a single fossil genus, and the extinct Eodichromatinae, encompassing fossil genera from the Eocene to late Oligocene.[2] Euphaeid species are large and mostly metallic-coloured, looking similar to species of damselflies in the family Calopterygidae.

The larvae have seven pairs of supplementary gills along the abdomen in addition to the usual three sac-like gills at the tip of the abdomen. Adults have the fore- and hindwings of equal length, barely petiolate and a long pterostigma that is broader in the hindwing. Adults have close veins and numerous antenodals (15-38), and most breed in forest streams.[3][4]

Taxonomic history

The family is based on Selys' "Legion Euphaea", established in 1853.[5] Some authors have attributed Euphaeidae to Selys,[6][7] while others, including Dijkstra et al. (2013) and the World Odonata List, attribute the family to Yakobson and Bianchi, who introduced the name Euphaeinae in 1905.[8][9][1]

Subfamilies, tribes, and genera

  • †Eodichromatinae
    • †Eodichromatini
      • †Ejerslevia Zessin, 2011 (Fur Formation, Ypresian, Denmark)
      • †Eodichroma Cockerell, 1923 (Wellborn Formation, Priabonian, Texas)
      • †Labandeiraia Petrulevičius et al., 2007 (Fur Formation & Green River Formation, Ypresian, Denmark & Colorado)
      • †Parazacallites Nel, 1988 (Aix-en-Provence Formation, Chattian, France)
      • †Republica Archibald & Cannings, 2021 (Klondike Mountain Formation, Ypresian, Washington)
      • †Solveigia wittecki Zessin, 2011 (Fur Formation, Ypresian, Denmark)
      • †Wolfgangeuphaea Ferwer & Nel, 2020 (Baltic Amber, Priabonian, Europe)
    • †Litheuphaeini
      • †Litheuphaea Fraser, 1955 (Goshen flora, Green River Formation & Baltic Amber, Ypresian - Repuelian?, Europe, Colorado, & Oregon)
    • incertae sedis
      • †Eodysphaea Bechly et al., 2020 (Green River Formation, Ypresian, Colorado)
  • Euphaeinae
    • Anisopleura Selys, 1853
    • Bayadera Selys, 1853
    • Cryptophaea Hämäläinen, 2003
    • Cyclophaea Ris, 1930
    • Dysphaea Selys, 1853
    • †Elektroeuphaea Nel et al., 2013 (Baltic Amber, Priabonian, Europe)
    • Epallage Charpentier, 1840
    • Euphaea Selys, 1840
    • Heterophaea Cowley, 1934
    • Schmidtiphaea Asahina, 1978
  • Incertae sedis

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 "World Odonata List". University of Puget Sound. https://www.pugetsound.edu/academics/academic-resources/slater-museum/biodiversity-resources/dragonflies/world-odonata-list2/. 
  2. ↑ Archibald, S. B.; Cannings, R. A. (2021). "A new genus and species of Euphaeidae (Odonata, Zygoptera) from the early Eocene Okanagan Highlands locality at Republic, Washington, U.S.A.". Zootaxa 4966 (3): 392–400. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.4966.3.11. PMID 34186607. 
  3. ↑ Hämäläinen, M. (2003). "Cryptophaea, a new euphaeid genus and three new species of Caloptera damselflies from Thailand (Odonata: Euphaeidae, Calopterygidae).". Zool. Med. Leiden 77 (25): 441–454. http://www.repository.naturalis.nl/document/44286. 
  4. ↑ Lok, A. F. S. L. and A. G. Orr (2009). "The biology of Euphaea impar Selys (Odonata: Euphaeidae) in Singapore". Nature in Singapore 2: 135–140. http://rmbr.nus.edu.sg/nis/bulletin2009/2009nis135-140.pdf. 
  5. ↑ Selys-Longchamps, E. (1853). "Synopsis des Caloptérygines" (in French). Bulletins de l'Académie royale des sciences, des lettres et des beaux-arts de Belgique 20 (Annexe): 1-73. https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/2728704. 
  6. ↑ Bridges, Charles A. (1994). Catalogue of the family-group, genus-group and species-group names of the Odonata of the world (3rd ed.). Urbana, Illinois: Charles A. Bridges. p. II.1. doi:10.5962/bhl.title.15291. https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/15106020. 
  7. ↑ Trueman, John W.H. (1999). "The Family-Group Names Based on Selys' Légions". International Journal of Odonatology 2 (2): 141–144. doi:10.1080/13887890.1999.9748125. Bibcode: 1999IJOdo...2..141T. 
  8. ↑ Jacobson, G. G.; Bianchi, V. L. (1905) (in Russian). Orthoptera and Pseudoneuroptera of the Russian Empire and bordering countries. St. Petersburg: A.F. Devrien. pp. 952 [722]. ISBN 978-5-4460-2061-4. 
  9. ↑ Dijkstra, Klaas-Douwe B.; Bechly, Günter; Bybee, Seth M.; Dow, Rory A.; Dumont, Henri J.; Fleck, Günther; Garrison, Rosser W.; Hämäläinen, Matti et al. (2013). "The classification and diversity of dragonflies and damselflies (Odonata). In: Zhang, Z.-Q. (Ed.) Animal Biodiversity: An Outline of Higher-level Classification and Survey of Taxonomic Richness (Addenda 2013)" (in en). Zootaxa 3703 (1): 36–45. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.3703.1.9. ISSN 1175-5334. https://mapress.com/zt/article/view/zootaxa.3703.1.9. 

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