Biology:Euphorinae

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The Euphorinae are a large subfamily of Braconidae parasitoid wasps. Some species have been used for biological pest control. They are sister group to the Meteorinae.

There are over 1270 species of Euphorinae.[1]

Description and distribution

Euphorines are small, usually dark colored wasps. They are non-cyclostomes. Euphorines are found worldwide.[2]

Biology

Euphorines are solitary or rarely gregarious koinobiont endoparasitoids. Unlike most other parasitoid wasps, Euphorinae have a broad host range and attack adult insects or nymphs of hemimetabolous insects.

Wasps of the tribe Dinocampini parasitize adult beetles.[3]

Taxonomy and phylogeny

Shaw (1985) divided Euphorinae into three tribes, Cosmophorini and Meteorini with one genus each and Euphorini containing 33 genera. In 1997, Shaw proposed 9 tribes and 31 genera of Euphorinae.[2] By Yu et al. (2012), the list of representative tribes of Euphorinae had grown to 16: Centistini, Cosmophorini, Cryptoxilonini, Dinocampini, Euphorini, Helorimorphini, Mannokeraiini, Meteorini, Myiocephalini, Neoneurini, †Oncometeorini, Perilitini, Planitorini, Proclithrophorini, Syntretini, and Tainitermini.[4] Mannokeraiini was synonymised under Planitorini by van Achterberg et al. (2017).[5] Stigenberg et al. (2015) treated 52 genera in 14 extant tribes, elevating Pygostolini from a subtribe of Centistini, synonymizing Cryptoxilonini under Cormophorini, synonymizing Proclithrophorini under Townesilitini, and removing Tainitermini as not nested within Euphorinae.[6] Chen & van Achterberg (2019) included the additional tribe of Eadyini and removed Proclithrophorini from synonymy.[7] In 2021, Stigenberg & van Achterberg returned Proclithrophorini to synonymy under Townesilitini.[8] Bendixen & Shaw (2024) elevated the Meteorini again to subfamily status as Meteorinae rather than treat them as basal Euphorinae.[9]

The present Euphorinae thus contains 14 extant tribes: Centistini, Cosmophorini, Dinocampini, Eadyini, Ecnomiini, Euphorini, Helorimorphini, Myiocephalini, Neoneurini, Perilitini, Planitorini, Pygostolini, Syntretini, and Townesilitini.

Belokobylskij (2022) recognize two extinct tribes, Oncometeorini and Prosyntretini.[10]

Genera

The following 56 extant genera and 6 extinct genera belong to the subfamily Euphorinae:

  • Stenope van Achterberg & Reshchikov, 2018[11]

Tribe Centistini Čapek, 1970

  • Allurus Förster, 1862[12]
  • Asiacentistes Belokobylskij, 1995[12]
  • Centistes Haliday, 1835[12]
  • Centistoides van Achterberg, 1992[12]
  • †Parasyrrhizus Brues, 1933[13]

Tribe Cosmophorini Čapek, 1958

  • Cosmophorus Ratzeburg, 1848[6]
  • Cryptoxilos Viereck, 1911[6]
  • Plynops Shaw, 1996[6]
  • Ropalophorus Curtis, 1837[6]
  • Sinuatophorus van Achterberg, 2000
  • Tuberidelus Chen & van Achterberg, 1997[6]

Tribe Dinocampini Shaw, 1985

  • Betelgeuse Shaw, 1988[6]
  • Centistina Enderlein, 1912[6]
  • Dinocampus Förster, 1862[6]
  • Ecclitura Kokujev, 1902[6]
  • Yanayacu Zhang & Chen, 2015[6][14]

Tribe Eadyini van Achterberg, 2000

  • Eadya Huddleston & Short, 1978[7]

Tribe Ecnomiini van Achterberg, 1985

  • Ecnomios Mason, 1979[6]
  • Korecnomios Park & van Achterberg, 1994[6]

Tribe Euphorini Shaw, 1985

Tribe Helorimorphini Schmiedeknecht, 1907

Tribe Myiocephalini Chen & van Achterberg, 1997

  • Myiocephalus Marshall, 1897[1]

Tribe Neoneurini Bengtsson, 1918

  • Elasmosoma Ruthe, 1858[13]
  • †Elasmosomites Brues, 1933[13]
  • Euneoneurus Tobias & Yuldashev, 1979[13]
  • Kollasmosoma van Achterberg & Argaman, 1993[13]
  • Neoneurus Haliday, 1838[13]
  • Parelasmosoma Tobias & Yuldashev, 1979[13]

†Tribe Oncometeorini Tobias, 1987

  • †Oncometeorus Tobias, 1987[10]

Tribe Perilitini Förster, 1862

  • †Meteorites Brues, 1939[10]
  • Microctonus Wesmael, 1835[6]
  • Notioperilitus Belokobylskij, 2018[15]
  • †Onychoura Brues, 1933[10]
  • Orionis Shaw, 1987[6]
  • Perilitus Nees, 1818[6]
  • Rilipertus Haeselbarth, 1996[6]
  • Spathicopis van Achterberg, 1977[6]
  • Stenothremma Shaw, 1984[6]

Tribe Planitorini van Achterberg, 1995

  • Mannokeraia van Achterberg, 1995[5]
  • Paramannokeraia van Achterberg & Quicke, 2017[5]
  • Planitorus van Achterberg, 1995[5]

†Tribe Prosyntretini Tobias, 1987

  • †Prosyntretus Tobias, 1987[10]

Tribe Pygostolini Belokobylskij, 2000

Tribe Syntretini Shaw, 1985

  • Bracteodes De Saeger, 1946[6]
  • Sculptosyntretus Belokobylskij, 1993[6]
  • Syntretellus De Saeger, 1946[6]
  • Syntretomorpha Papp, 1962[6]
  • Syntretoriana Parrott, 1953[6]
  • Syntretus Förster, 1862[6]

Tribe Townesilitini Shaw, 1985

  • Gretiella Stigenberg, 2021[8]
  • Heia Chen & van Achterberg, 1997[8]
  • Marshiella Shaw, 1985[8]
  • Proclithrophorus Tobias & Belokobylskij, 1981[8]
  • Streblocera Westwood, 1833[8]
  • Townesilitus Haeselbarth & Loan, 1983[8]

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Li, Jun; van Achterberg, Cornelis; Zheng, Min-Lin; Chen, Jia-Hua (2020). "A new species of Myiocephalus Marshall (Hymenoptera, Braconidae, Euphorinae) from China". ZooKeys 933: 95-105. doi:10.3897/zookeys.933.49607. 
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Shaw, Scott Richard (1997). "Subfamily Euphorinae". Manual of the New World Genera of the Family Braconidae (Hymenoptera). Washington, DC: The International Society of Hymenopterists. pp. 69. http://www.sharkeylab.org/sharkeylab/docs/posts/web/Manual%20of%20the%20New%20World%20Genera%20of%20Braconidae.pdf. Retrieved 2017-07-13. 
  3. ↑ Shaw, Scott Richard (1988). "A new Mexican genus and species of Dinocampini with serrate antennae (Hymenoptera; Braconidae; Euphorinae).". Psyche: A Journal of Entomology 95 (3–4): 289–298. doi:10.1155/1988/98545. 
  4. ↑ Ameri, Ali; Talebi, Ali Asghar; Rakhshani, Ehsan; Beyarslan, Ahmet; Kamali, Karim (2014). "A survey of Euphorinae (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) of southern Iran, with description of a new species". Zootaxa 3900 (3): 415-428. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.3900.3.5. 
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 van Achterberg, Cornelis; Quicke, Donald L.J.; Boring, Charles Andrew (2017). "A revision of the tribe Planitorini van Achterberg (Hymenoptera, Braconidae, Euphorinae), with description of a new genus from Australia". ZooKeys 718: 65-94. doi:10.3897/zookeys.718.21151. 
  6. ↑ 6.00 6.01 6.02 6.03 6.04 6.05 6.06 6.07 6.08 6.09 6.10 6.11 6.12 6.13 6.14 6.15 6.16 6.17 6.18 6.19 6.20 6.21 6.22 6.23 6.24 6.25 6.26 6.27 6.28 6.29 6.30 6.31 6.32 6.33 Stigenberg, Julia; Boring, Charles Andrew; Ronquist, Fredrik (2015). "Phylogeny of the parasitic wasp subfamily Euphorinae (Braconidae) and evolution of its host preferences". Systematic Entomology 40 (3): 570-591. doi:10.1111/syen.12122. 
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 Chen, Xue-xin; van Achterberg, Corenlis (2019). "Systematics, Phylogeny, and Evolution of Braconid Wasps: 30 Years of Progress". Annual Review of Entomology 64: 335-358. doi:10.1146/annurev-ento-011118-111856. 
  8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 8.2 8.3 8.4 8.5 8.6 Stigenberg, Julia; van Achterberg, Cornelis (2021). "A new Euphorinae genus Gretiella Stigenberg gen. nov. (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Euphorinae) described from Papua New Guinea". Entomologisk Tidskrift 142: 201-205. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/357057269. Retrieved 2025-07-06. 
  9. ↑ Bendixen, Lennart; Shaw, Mark R. (2024). "Are Dermaptera the hosts of the genus Orionis S.R. Shaw (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Euphorinae)?". Entomologist's Monthly Magazine 160: 263-265. doi:10.31184/M00138908.1604.4279. 
  10. ↑ 10.0 10.1 10.2 10.3 10.4 Belokobylskij, Sergey A.; Hovorka, Tomáš (2022). "A new fossil euphorine genus and species (Hymenoptera, Braconidae) with the longest known ovipositor from Dominican amber". Journal of Hymenoptera Research 93: 71-80. doi:10.3897/jhr.93.90545. 
  11. ↑ van Achterberg, Cornelis; Ang, Yuchen; Reshchikov, Alexey; Yue, Qi (2018). "Stenope, a new euphorine genus from the Philippines (Hymenoptera: Braconidae)". Zootaxa 4442 (3): 479-484. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.4442.3.9. 
  12. ↑ 12.0 12.1 12.2 12.3 Belokobylskij, Sergey A.; Vasilenko, Dmitry V.; Perkovsky, Evgeny E. (2024). "The first reliable fossil record of the tribe Centistini (Hymenoptera, Braconidae, Euphorinae): a new subgenus and species of braconid wasp in Danish amber". Journal of Hymenoptera Research 97 (15-27). doi:10.3897/jhr.97.115789. 
  13. ↑ 13.0 13.1 13.2 13.3 13.4 13.5 13.6 Belokobylskij, Sergey A.; Dubovikoff, Dmitry A.; Manukyan, Andranik; Zharkov, Dmitry M.. "Braconid parasitoids of ants (Hymenoptera, Braconidae, Euphorinae, Neoneurini) from Baltic amber with a discussion of records of fossil larvae parasitizing ant workers". Journal of Hymenoptera Research 84: 29-43. doi:10.3897/jhr.84.67749. 
  14. ↑ Zhang, Jing; Chen, Dao-Wei (2015). "New substitute name for the genus Napo Shaw, 2012 (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Euphorinae)". Zootaxa 3946 (1): 149. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.3946.1.10. 
  15. ↑ Belokobylskij, Sergey A. (2018). "Notioperilitus gen. nov., a new braconid genus (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Euphorinae) from Australia, parasitoid of adult Morabinae (Orthoptera: Eumastacidae), with remarks on the generic placement of two Afrotropical euphorine species". Zootaxa 4441 (2): 298-310. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.4441.2.6. 

Wikidata ☰ Q4038291 entry



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