Biology:Eupithecia

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Eupithecia is the largest genus of moths of the family Geometridae,[1] and the namesake and type genus of tribe Eupitheciini. Species in the genus are, like those of other genera in the tribe, commonly known as pugs.[2] The genus is highly speciose, with over 1400 species, and members of the genus are present in most of the world with exception of Australasia.[1] Roughly a quarter of described Eupithecia species occur in the Neotropical realm, where they have an especially high species diversity in the montane rain forests of the Andes.[3] The genus includes a few agricultural pest species, such as the currant pug moth, Eupithecia assimilata, which is a pest on hops,[4] and the cloaked pug moth, Eupithecia abietaria, which is a cone pest in spruce seed orchards.[5]

Adult specimens of Eupithecia are typically small, often between 12 and 35 mm, with muted colours, and display a large amount of uniformity between species.[1] As a result, identification of a specimen as part of genus Eupithecia is generally easy, but identifying the exact species is difficult and often reliant on examination of the dissected genitals.[1] Most species share a characteristic resting pose in which the forewings are held flat at a right angle to the body—that is, the costal margins of both forewings form a more-or-less horizontal line—while the hindwings are largely covered by the forewings.[6] They are generally nocturnal.[1]

Pug moth caterpillar Eupithecia sp.

Of the species where the larval behaviour is known, most feed from the flowers and seeds of their food plants rather than the foliage.[1] Many species have a very specific food plant. The larvae of all but one[7] of the endemic species of Eupithecia from Hawaii are ambush predators of a wide variety of insects and spiders.[8] These ambush predators have raptorial legs, with which they grab prey that comes into contact with their hind end.[8]

Species

This is a list of all described species.

Common pug, Eupithecia miserulata, feeding on Rudbeckia serotina
Eupithecia , pupa

A

B

C

[15]

D

E

F

G

H

I

J-K

L

M

N

O

P

Q-R

S

T

U-V

W-Z

Species of unknown status

  • Eupithecia lavicaria Fuchs, 1902 (syn: Eupithecia lavicata Prout, 1914), described from Norway.
  • Eupithecia minutana Treitschke
  • Eupithecia robusta Dietze, 1910

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 Mironov, Vladimir; Galsworthy, Anthony Charles (1 November 2013) (in en). The Eupithecia of China: A Revision. BRILL. pp. 1, 6–7, 11. ISBN 978-90-04-25453-4. https://brill.com/display/title/24316. Retrieved 13 January 2023. 
  2. ↑ Plant, C. W.; Petty, S. J.; Farino, T.; Botham, M. S. (2014). "Eupithecia exiguata (Hübner, [1813) new to the Iberian Peninsula, with notes on other pug moths Eupitheciini in Cantabria, Spain (Lepidoptera: Geometridae)"]. SHILAP Revista de Lepidopterología 42 (165). ISSN 0300-5267. https://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=45531496011. Retrieved 16 January 2023. 
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 Vargas, Héctor A. (25 October 2021). "A new species of Eupithecia Curtis (Lepidoptera, Geometridae) from the Andes of northern Chile". Nota Lepidopterologica 44: 239–247. doi:10.3897/nl.44.73247. https://nl.pensoft.net/article/73247/. Retrieved 15 January 2023. 
  4. ↑ Campbell, C. A. M.; Tregidga, E. L.; Hall, D. R.; Ando, T.; Yamamoto, M. (March 2007). "Components of the sex pheromone of the currant pug moth, Eupithecia assimilata, a re-emergent hop pest in UK". Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata 122 (3): 265–269. doi:10.1111/j.1570-7458.2006.00513.x. Bibcode: 2007EEApp.122..265C. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1570-7458.2006.00513.x. Retrieved 14 January 2023. 
  5. ↑ Wang, H. L.; Svensson, G. P.; Jakobsson, J.; Jirle, E. V.; Rosenberg, O.; Francke, W.; Anderbrant, O.; Millar, J. G. et al. (27 September 2014). "Sex pheromone of the cloaked pug moth, Eupithecia abietaria (Lepidoptera: Geometridae), a pest of spruce cones". Journal of Applied Entomology 139 (5): 352–360. doi:10.1111/jen.12167. 
  6. ↑ VanDyk, John. "Genus Eupithecia - Identification". Iowa State University. https://bugguide.net/node/view/9639#id. 
  7. ↑ Hembry, David H.; Bennett, Gordon; Bess, Emilie; Cooper, Idelle; Jordan, Steve; Liebherr, James; Magnacca, Karl N.; Percy, Diana M. et al. (1 December 2021). "Insect Radiations on Islands: Biogeographic Pattern and Evolutionary Process in Hawaiian Insects". The Quarterly Review of Biology 96 (4): 257, 271–272. doi:10.1086/717787. https://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/10.1086/717787. Retrieved 16 January 2023. 
  8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 Montgomery, Steven L. (1 November 1983). "Carnivorous caterpillars: the behavior, biogeography and conservation of Eupithecia (Lepidoptera: Geometridae) in the Hawaiian Islands" (in en). GeoJournal 7 (6): 549–556. doi:10.1007/BF00218529. ISSN 1572-9893. Bibcode: 1983GeoJo...7..549M. 
  9. ↑ 9.0 9.1 9.2 9.3 9.4 9.5 9.6 Mironov, Vladimir (26 September 2013). "New species and checklist of Turkish Eupithecia Curtis (Geometridae: Larentiinae)". Zootaxa 3717 (1): 39–52. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.3717.1.3. PMID 26176093. https://www.biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.3717.1.3. Retrieved 17 January 2023. 
  10. ↑ 10.0 10.1 10.2 10.3 10.4 10.5 10.6 10.7 Mironov, Vladimir; Šumpich, Jan (15 June 2022). "New species of the genus Eupithecia (Lepidoptera, Geometridae) from China. Part VII". Zootaxa 5154 (3): 289–304. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.5154.3.3. PMID 36095621. https://www.entomologicalservice.com/files/150_Mironov%20et%20Sumpich%202022_Eupithecia%20of%20China%20VII.pdf. Retrieved 17 January 2023. 
  11. ↑ 11.0 11.1 Mironov, Vladimir; Galsworthy, Anthony Charles (5 March 2014). "A survey of Eupithecia Curtis, 1825 (Lepidoptera, Geometridae, Larentiinae) in Mongolia with descriptions of two new species". Zootaxa 3774 (2): 101–130. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.3774.2.1. PMID 24871410. https://www.mapress.com/zootaxa/2014/f/z03774p130f.pdf. 
  12. ↑ 12.0 12.1 Enkhtur, Khishigdelger; Boldgiv, Bazartseren; Pfeiffer, Martin (May 2020). "Diversity and Distribution Patterns of Geometrid Moths (Geometridae, Lepidoptera) in Mongolia". Diversity 12 (5): 185. doi:10.3390/d12050186. Bibcode: 2020Diver..12..186E. 
  13. ↑ 13.0 13.1 13.2 13.3 13.4 13.5 Šumpich, Jan; Mironov, Vladimir (7 October 2022). "New species of the genus Eupithecia (Lepidoptera, Geometridae) from China. Part VIII". Zootaxa 5194 (4): 561–574. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.5194.4.5. PMID 37045315. https://www.entomologicalservice.com/files/154_Mironov%20et%20Sumpich%202022_New%20species%20of%20the%20genus%20Eupithecia%20from%20China_Part%20VIII.pdf. Retrieved 17 January 2023. 
  14. ↑ 14.0 14.1 14.2 14.3 14.4 14.5 Mironov, Vladimir; Šumpich, Jan (9 December 2022). "New species of the genus Eupithecia (Lepidoptera, Geometridae) from China. Part IX". Zootaxa 5219 (3): 276–286. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.5219.3.5. PMID 37044863. https://www.entomologicalservice.com/files/156_Mironov-et-Sumpich%202022_Eupithecia-of-China-IX.pdf. Retrieved 17 January 2023. 
  15. ↑ Tabell, Jukka; Junnilainen, Jari; Sihvonen, Pasi (2024-01-05). "Eupithecia conquesta Tabell & Junnilainen, a new species from Cyprus (Lepidoptera, Geometridae, Larentiinae)" (in en). Nota Lepidopterologica 47: 11–18. doi:10.3897/nl.47.114137. ISSN 2367-5365. https://nl.pensoft.net/article/114137/. 
  16. ↑ Skou, Peder; Mironov, Vladimir; Rietz, Hartmut (29 May 2017). "Eupithecia gypsophilata, a new species in the graphata species group of the genus Eupithecia Curtis (Lepidoptera, Geometridae, Larentiinae)". Zootaxa 4272 (2): 291–295. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.4272.2.10. PMID 28610298. https://www.biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.4272.2.10. Retrieved 17 January 2023. 
  17. ↑ King, Gareth Edward; Montesinos, José Luis Viejo (24 April 2020). "The Spanish endemic Eupithecia gypsophilata Skou, Mironov & Rietz, 2017 (Lepidoptera: Geometridae, Larentiinae): a contribution to an understanding of its early stages". Entomologist's Gazette 71 (2): 93–97. doi:10.31184/G00138894.712.1752. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/340920479. Retrieved 17 January 2023. 
  18. ↑ Seven, Erdem; Mironov, Vladimir; Akin, Kesran (11 September 2019). "A new species of Eupithecia Curtis (Lepidoptera: Geometridae, Larentiinae) from Turkey". Zootaxa 4668 (3). doi:10.11646/zootaxa.4668.3.9. PMID 31716623. https://www.biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.4668.3.9. Retrieved 17 January 2023. 

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Other sources

  • Chinery, Michael (1986). Collins Guide to the Insects of Britain and Western Europe (Reprinted 1991).
  • Skinner, Bernard (1984). Colour Identification Guide to Moths of the British Isles.
  • Eupithecia Watson, L., and Dallwitz, M.J. 2003 onwards. British insects: the genera of Lepidoptera-Geometridae. Version: 29 December 2011 Description of genus.
  • Eupithecia images at Encyclopaedia of Life

Wikidata ☰ Q138267 entry



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