Biology:Eupithecia

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Eupithecia is the largest genus of moths of the family Geometridae,[1] and the namesake and type genus of tribe Eupitheciini. Species in the genus are, like those of other genera in the tribe, commonly known as pugs.[2] The genus is highly speciose, with over 1400 species, and members of the genus are present in most of the world with exception of Australasia.[1] Roughly a quarter of described Eupithecia species occur in the Neotropical realm, where they have an especially high species diversity in the montane rain forests of the Andes.[3] The genus includes a few agricultural pest species, such as the currant pug moth, Eupithecia assimilata, which is a pest on hops,[4] and the cloaked pug moth, Eupithecia abietaria, which is a cone pest in spruce seed orchards.[5]

Adult specimens of Eupithecia are typically small, often between 12 and 35 mm, with muted colours, and display a large amount of uniformity between species.[1] As a result, identification of a specimen as part of genus Eupithecia is generally easy, but identifying the exact species is difficult and often reliant on examination of the dissected genitals.[1] Most species share a characteristic resting pose in which the forewings are held flat at a right angle to the body—that is, the costal margins of both forewings form a more-or-less horizontal line—while the hindwings are largely covered by the forewings.[6] They are generally nocturnal.[1]

File:Pug Moths Genus (Eupithecia) caterpillar.jpg
Pug moth caterpillar Eupithecia sp.

Of the species where the larval behaviour is known, most feed from the flowers and seeds of their food plants rather than the foliage.[1] Many species have a very specific food plant. The larvae of all but one[7] of the endemic species of Eupithecia from Hawaii are ambush predators of a wide variety of insects and spiders.[8] These ambush predators have raptorial legs, with which they grab prey that comes into contact with their hind end.[8]

Species

This is a list of all described species.

Common pug, Eupithecia miserulata, feeding on Rudbeckia serotina
Eupithecia , pupa

A

B

C

[15]

D

E

F

G

H

I

J-K

L

M

N

O

P

Q-R

S

T

U-V

W-Z

Species of unknown status

  • Eupithecia lavicaria Fuchs, 1902 (syn: Eupithecia lavicata Prout, 1914), described from Norway.
  • Eupithecia minutana Treitschke
  • Eupithecia robusta Dietze, 1910

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 Mironov, Vladimir; Galsworthy, Anthony Charles (1 November 2013) (in en). The Eupithecia of China: A Revision. BRILL. pp. 1, 6–7, 11. ISBN 978-90-04-25453-4. https://brill.com/display/title/24316. Retrieved 13 January 2023. 
  2. ↑ Plant, C. W.; Petty, S. J.; Farino, T.; Botham, M. S. (2014). "Eupithecia exiguata (Hübner, [1813) new to the Iberian Peninsula, with notes on other pug moths Eupitheciini in Cantabria, Spain (Lepidoptera: Geometridae)"]. SHILAP Revista de Lepidopterología 42 (165). ISSN 0300-5267. https://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=45531496011. Retrieved 16 January 2023. 
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 Vargas, Héctor A. (25 October 2021). "A new species of Eupithecia Curtis (Lepidoptera, Geometridae) from the Andes of northern Chile". Nota Lepidopterologica 44: 239–247. doi:10.3897/nl.44.73247. https://nl.pensoft.net/article/73247/. Retrieved 15 January 2023. 
  4. ↑ Campbell, C. A. M.; Tregidga, E. L.; Hall, D. R.; Ando, T.; Yamamoto, M. (March 2007). "Components of the sex pheromone of the currant pug moth, Eupithecia assimilata, a re-emergent hop pest in UK". Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata 122 (3): 265–269. doi:10.1111/j.1570-7458.2006.00513.x. Bibcode: 2007EEApp.122..265C. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1570-7458.2006.00513.x. Retrieved 14 January 2023. 
  5. ↑ Wang, H. L.; Svensson, G. P.; Jakobsson, J.; Jirle, E. V.; Rosenberg, O.; Francke, W.; Anderbrant, O.; Millar, J. G. et al. (27 September 2014). "Sex pheromone of the cloaked pug moth, Eupithecia abietaria (Lepidoptera: Geometridae), a pest of spruce cones". Journal of Applied Entomology 139 (5): 352–360. doi:10.1111/jen.12167. 
  6. ↑ VanDyk, John. "Genus Eupithecia - Identification". Iowa State University. https://bugguide.net/node/view/9639#id. 
  7. ↑ Hembry, David H.; Bennett, Gordon; Bess, Emilie; Cooper, Idelle; Jordan, Steve; Liebherr, James; Magnacca, Karl N.; Percy, Diana M. et al. (1 December 2021). "Insect Radiations on Islands: Biogeographic Pattern and Evolutionary Process in Hawaiian Insects". The Quarterly Review of Biology 96 (4): 257, 271–272. doi:10.1086/717787. https://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/10.1086/717787. Retrieved 16 January 2023. 
  8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 Montgomery, Steven L. (1 November 1983). "Carnivorous caterpillars: the behavior, biogeography and conservation of Eupithecia (Lepidoptera: Geometridae) in the Hawaiian Islands" (in en). GeoJournal 7 (6): 549–556. doi:10.1007/BF00218529. ISSN 1572-9893. Bibcode: 1983GeoJo...7..549M. 
  9. ↑ 9.0 9.1 9.2 9.3 9.4 9.5 9.6 Mironov, Vladimir (26 September 2013). "New species and checklist of Turkish Eupithecia Curtis (Geometridae: Larentiinae)". Zootaxa 3717 (1): 39–52. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.3717.1.3. PMID 26176093. https://www.biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.3717.1.3. Retrieved 17 January 2023. 
  10. ↑ 10.0 10.1 10.2 10.3 10.4 10.5 10.6 10.7 Mironov, Vladimir; Šumpich, Jan (15 June 2022). "New species of the genus Eupithecia (Lepidoptera, Geometridae) from China. Part VII". Zootaxa 5154 (3): 289–304. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.5154.3.3. PMID 36095621. https://www.entomologicalservice.com/files/150_Mironov%20et%20Sumpich%202022_Eupithecia%20of%20China%20VII.pdf. Retrieved 17 January 2023. 
  11. ↑ 11.0 11.1 Mironov, Vladimir; Galsworthy, Anthony Charles (5 March 2014). "A survey of Eupithecia Curtis, 1825 (Lepidoptera, Geometridae, Larentiinae) in Mongolia with descriptions of two new species". Zootaxa 3774 (2): 101–130. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.3774.2.1. PMID 24871410. https://www.mapress.com/zootaxa/2014/f/z03774p130f.pdf. 
  12. ↑ 12.0 12.1 Enkhtur, Khishigdelger; Boldgiv, Bazartseren; Pfeiffer, Martin (May 2020). "Diversity and Distribution Patterns of Geometrid Moths (Geometridae, Lepidoptera) in Mongolia". Diversity 12 (5): 185. doi:10.3390/d12050186. Bibcode: 2020Diver..12..186E. 
  13. ↑ 13.0 13.1 13.2 13.3 13.4 13.5 Šumpich, Jan; Mironov, Vladimir (7 October 2022). "New species of the genus Eupithecia (Lepidoptera, Geometridae) from China. Part VIII". Zootaxa 5194 (4): 561–574. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.5194.4.5. PMID 37045315. https://www.entomologicalservice.com/files/154_Mironov%20et%20Sumpich%202022_New%20species%20of%20the%20genus%20Eupithecia%20from%20China_Part%20VIII.pdf. Retrieved 17 January 2023. 
  14. ↑ 14.0 14.1 14.2 14.3 14.4 14.5 Mironov, Vladimir; Šumpich, Jan (9 December 2022). "New species of the genus Eupithecia (Lepidoptera, Geometridae) from China. Part IX". Zootaxa 5219 (3): 276–286. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.5219.3.5. PMID 37044863. https://www.entomologicalservice.com/files/156_Mironov-et-Sumpich%202022_Eupithecia-of-China-IX.pdf. Retrieved 17 January 2023. 
  15. ↑ Tabell, Jukka; Junnilainen, Jari; Sihvonen, Pasi (2024-01-05). "Eupithecia conquesta Tabell & Junnilainen, a new species from Cyprus (Lepidoptera, Geometridae, Larentiinae)" (in en). Nota Lepidopterologica 47: 11–18. doi:10.3897/nl.47.114137. ISSN 2367-5365. https://nl.pensoft.net/article/114137/. 
  16. ↑ Skou, Peder; Mironov, Vladimir; Rietz, Hartmut (29 May 2017). "Eupithecia gypsophilata, a new species in the graphata species group of the genus Eupithecia Curtis (Lepidoptera, Geometridae, Larentiinae)". Zootaxa 4272 (2): 291–295. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.4272.2.10. PMID 28610298. https://www.biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.4272.2.10. Retrieved 17 January 2023. 
  17. ↑ King, Gareth Edward; Montesinos, José Luis Viejo (24 April 2020). "The Spanish endemic Eupithecia gypsophilata Skou, Mironov & Rietz, 2017 (Lepidoptera: Geometridae, Larentiinae): a contribution to an understanding of its early stages". Entomologist's Gazette 71 (2): 93–97. doi:10.31184/G00138894.712.1752. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/340920479. Retrieved 17 January 2023. 
  18. ↑ Seven, Erdem; Mironov, Vladimir; Akin, Kesran (11 September 2019). "A new species of Eupithecia Curtis (Lepidoptera: Geometridae, Larentiinae) from Turkey". Zootaxa 4668 (3). doi:10.11646/zootaxa.4668.3.9. PMID 31716623. https://www.biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.4668.3.9. Retrieved 17 January 2023. 

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Other sources

  • Chinery, Michael (1986). Collins Guide to the Insects of Britain and Western Europe (Reprinted 1991).
  • Skinner, Bernard (1984). Colour Identification Guide to Moths of the British Isles.
  • Eupithecia Watson, L., and Dallwitz, M.J. 2003 onwards. British insects: the genera of Lepidoptera-Geometridae. Version: 29 December 2011 Description of genus.
  • Eupithecia images at Encyclopaedia of Life

Wikidata ☰ Q138267 entry



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