Biology:Eurylepta

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Eurylepta is a genus of free-living marine flatworms (polyclads) in the family Euryleptidae.

Characteristics

Eurylepta is a morphologically diverse[1] group of flatworms in the class Turbellaria that live freely in marine environments, as opposed to parasitic flatworms of other classes (Monogenea, Trematoda, Cestoda).[2] The genus was originally described as flat, with a discrete mouth and anus, eye clusters on the neck, two tentaculiform folds at the front, and a posterior ovary.[3] Eurylepta are hermaphroditic, possessing an armed penis with a tubular stylet.[4] Further characteristics include a forward-pointing pharynx, the mouth directly behind the brain, and a lack of digestive tract.[5] Not much of their feeding habits has been recorded, however, Eurylepta leoparda is a well-known predator of ascidians.[6][7]

Taxonomy & Distribution

Ehrenberg first described the genus Eurylepta along with two new species, E. praetexta and E. flavomarginata, which have since been moved to the Prostheceraeus and Pseudoceros genera respectively.[3] Ehrenberg and Hemprich observed the individuals among corals in the Red Sea, during their travels in Arabia. Since then, new species of Eurylepta have been described in off-shore marine environments globally. Georeferenced records and observations can be found in the Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF) and iNaturalist.

Below are the 18 accepted species under the genus Eurylepta, according to the World Register of Marine Species.

Species Distribution[8] Image
Eurylepta alba (Freeman, 1933)[9] West Coast of America
Eurylepta alicula Pitale & Apte, 2021[10] West Coast of India, Andaman Islands
Eurylepta aurantiaca Heath & McGregor, 1912[11] Global Distribution
Northeastern Pacific, Chilean Coast
West Coast of America
Eurylepta cornuta (O. F. Müller, 1776)[12] European Coasts
Eurylepta fulvolimbata Grube, 1867 Central South Pacific
Eurylepta guayota Cuadrado, Moro & Norena, 2017[4] Canary Islands
Eurylepta herberti Kirk, 1882 Cook Strait, near South Pacific
Eurylepta leoparda Freeman, 1933[9] West Coast of America
Eurylepta meridiana (Ritter-Zahony, 1907) Southeastern Pacific, Chilean Coast
Florida, North Atlantic
Eurylepta neptis Du Bois-Reymond Marcus, 1955[13] Brazilian Coast, South Atlantic
Eurylepta pantherina Grube, 1867 Central South Pacific
Eurylepta piscatoria (Marcus, 1947) Brazilian Coast, South Atlantic
Palau Islands, Central Indo-Pacific
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Eurylepta turma Marcus, 1952 Brazilian Coast, South Atlantic
Eurylepta violacea (Kelaart, 1858) Indian Ocean

References

  1. ↑ Rawlinson, Kate A.; Litvaitis, Marian K. (2008). "Cotylea (Polycladida): a cladistic analysis of morphology" (in en). Invertebrate Biology 127 (2): 121–138. doi:10.1111/j.1744-7410.2007.00119.x. ISSN 1744-7410. Bibcode: 2008InvBi.127..121R. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/j.1744-7410.2007.00119.x. 
  2. ↑ Shinn, George L. (2017-12-31), "Phylum Platyhelminthes with an Emphasis on Class Turbellaria", Reproduction and Development of Marine Invertebrates of the Northern Pacific Coast (University of Washington Press): pp. 114–128, doi:10.1515/9780295743240-010, ISBN 978-0-295-74324-0, https://doi.org/10.1515/9780295743240-010, retrieved 2025-04-09 
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named :3
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 Cuadrado, Daniel; Moro, Leopoldo; NoreñA, Carolina (2017-08-28). "The Polycladida (Platyhelminthes) of the Canary Islands. New genus, species and records". Zootaxa 4312 (1). doi:10.11646/zootaxa.4312.1.2. ISSN 1175-5334. https://www.mapress.com/zt/article/view/zootaxa.4312.1.2. 
  5. ↑ BULNES, VERONICA N.; FAUBEL, ANNO (2003-06-26). "Eutheama forrestensis n. sp. (Acotylea, Polycladida, Plathelminthes) from Australia". Zootaxa 220 (1). doi:10.11646/zootaxa.220.1.1. ISSN 1175-5334. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.220.1.1. 
  6. ↑ Kincaid, Erin S.; de Rivera, Catherine E. (2021-05-01). "Predators Associated with Marinas Consume Indigenous over Non-indigenous Ascidians" (in en). Estuaries and Coasts 44 (3): 579–588. doi:10.1007/s12237-020-00793-2. ISSN 1559-2731. Bibcode: 2021EstCo..44..579K. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s12237-020-00793-2. 
  7. ↑ Lambert, Gretchen (1968). "The general ecology and growth of a solitary ascidian, corella willmeriana". The Biological Bulletin 135 (2): 296–307. doi:10.2307/1539783. ISSN 0006-3185. PMID 28368768. https://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/abs/10.2307/1539783. 
  8. ↑ Pitale, Reshma; Apte, Deepak (2021-10-01). "Further addition to the Indian fauna of Euryleptidae (Polycladida: Cotylea) with description of a new Cycloporus Lang, 1884 and Eurylepta Ehrenberg, 1831". Zootaxa 5052 (4): 486–500. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.5052.4.2. ISSN 1175-5334. PMID 34810859. https://europepmc.org/article/med/34810859. 
  9. ↑ 9.0 9.1 Freeman, Daniel (1933). "The Polyclads of the San Juan Region of Puget Sound". Transactions of the American Microscopical Society 52 (2): 107–146. doi:10.2307/3222188. ISSN 0003-0023. https://www.jstor.org/stable/3222188. 
  10. ↑ Pitale, Reshma; Apte, Deepak (2021-10-18). "Further addition to the Indian fauna of Euryleptidae (Polycladida: Cotylea) with description of a new Cycloporus Lang, 1884 and Eurylepta Ehrenberg, 1831" (in en). Zootaxa 5052 (4): 486–500. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.5052.4.2. ISSN 1175-5334. PMID 34810859. https://mapress.com/zt/article/view/zootaxa.5052.4.2. 
  11. ↑ Uttal-Cooke, Lisa (1992). Feeding habits of the midwater polychaete, Poeobius meseres (Heath, 1930) in Monterey Bay, California (Thesis). San Jose State University Library. doi:10.31979/etd.7cmx-kjcw.
  12. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named :1
  13. ↑ Marcus, Eveline du Bois-Reymond (1955-12-01). "On Turbellaria and polygordius from the brazilian coast" (in pt). Boletim da Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras, Universidade de São Paulo. Zoologia 20 (20): 19–65. doi:10.11606/issn.2526-3382.bffclzoologia.1955.120211. ISSN 2526-3382. 

Wikidata ☰ Q4991997 entry




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