Biology:Exocarpos bidwillii
| Exocarpos bidwillii | |
|---|---|
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Scientific classification 
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| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Clade: | Tracheophytes |
| Clade: | Angiosperms |
| Clade: | Eudicots |
| Order: | Santalales |
| Family: | Santalaceae |
| Genus: | Exocarpos |
| Species: | E. bidwillii
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| Binomial name | |
| Exocarpos bidwillii | |
Exocarpos bidwillii is a small, sprawling, leafless shrub endemic to New Zealand and is a member of the family Santalaceae, most of which are regarded as root hemiparasites.[1] In this instance there is a body of opinion that Exocarpos bidwillii may not be parasitic.[1][2]
Distribution and habitat
It is found mainly in montane to subalpine open areas, mostly in rocky places of the South Island, from latitudes 41° to 45° 30' (corrected from H.H. Allan's mid-ocean figure of 48° 30').[3]
Host plants include snow tōtara, tāwhai rauriki, and mānuka.[4]
Etymology and taxonomy
The species name is after John Carne Bidwill.[5]
Exocarpos bidwillii is in the Santalaceae family.[6] The name of the species was given by Joseph Hooker.[7]
Phenology
According to Allan 1961 Exocarpos bidwillii flowering occurs January to February, and fruiting January to April.[3][8] iNaturalist observations indicate that the peak month for flowering is September and for fruiting is December and January.[9] Recent extensive field observations in three sites in the Nelson Mineral Belt with macro photography have provided clear identification of reproductive anatomy at each phenological stage.[10][11]
Gallery
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Fruit of E. bidwillii -
Early stage seedling with cotyledons and emerging stem. -
Female flowers, ca. 2.00mm across. Peak flowering mid August to mid October. -
Typical habitat on Mt. Isobel, Hanmer Springs -
Exocarpos bidwillii with seedlings. Wairau Valley, NZ. -
Exocarpos bidwillii with immature fruit. Cobb Ridge, NZ.
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Fineran, B. A. (1963). "Studies on the root parasitism of Exocarpos bidwillii Hook, f. IV. Structure of the mature haustorium". Phytomorph 13: 249–267.
- ↑ Fineran, Brian (1963-08-24). "Parasitism In Exocarpus bidwillii Hook. f." (in English). Transactions of the Royal Society of New Zealand: Botany 2 (8): 109–119. https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q89105140.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 Allan, H. H. (1961). Flora of New Zealand. Indigenous tracheophyta: Psilopsida, Lycopsida, Filicopsida, Gymnospermae, Dicotyledones. Government Printer. OCLC 1282444389.
- ↑ Moore, Lucy B.; Irwin, J. B. (1978). The Oxford book of New Zealand plants. Wellington ; New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-558035-8.
- ↑ Mabberley, D.J. (1996). "Plant introduction and hybridisation in colonial New South Wales: the work of John Carne Bidwill, Sydney's first director". Telopea 6 (4): 541–562. doi:10.7751/telopea19963023. https://archive.org/details/telopea6natib/page/541/mode/1up.
- ↑ "Exocarpos bidwillii" (in en). https://www.nzpcn.org.nz/flora/species/exocarpos-bidwillii/.
- ↑ Hooker, Joseph Dalton; Hooker, Joseph Dalton; Fitch, W. H.; Brothers, Reeve (1853). The botany of the Antarctic voyage of H.M. discovery ships Erebus and Terror in the Years 1839-1843 :under the command of Captain Sir James Clark Ross. v.2:pt.1(1853). London: Reeve Brothers. https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/15950626.
- ↑ "Flora of New Zealand | Taxon Profile | Exocarpos bidwillii". https://www.nzflora.info/factsheet/Taxon/Exocarpos-bidwillii.html.
- ↑ "Exocarpos bidwillii" (in en). https://inaturalist.nz/taxa/401834-Exocarpos-bidwillii.
- ↑ Cunningham, D.M. (28 February 2025). "Exocarpos bidwillii, recent assessment of phenological phases" (in en). https://www.nzpcn.org.nz/publications/documents/?publication_type=6148.
- ↑ Cunningham, D.M. (26 February 2025). "Exocarpos bidwillii phenology" (in en-us). Flickr. https://www.flickr.com/photos/52377268@N02/albums/72177720322231001.
Wikidata ☰ Q15381648 entry
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