Biology:FLOT2

Generic protein structure example

Flotillin-2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the FLOT2 gene. Flotillin 2 (flot-2) is a highly conserved protein isolated from caveolae/lipid raft domains that tether growth factor receptors linked to signal transduction pathways. Flot-2 binds to PAR-1, a known upstream mediator of major signal transduction pathways implicated in cell growth and metastasis, and may influence tumour progression.

Caveolae are small domains on the inner cell membrane involved in vesicular trafficking and signal transduction. This gene encodes a caveolae-associated, integral membrane protein, which is thought to function in neuronal signaling.

Further reading

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• "Flotillins/cavatellins are differentially expressed in cells and tissues and form a hetero-oligomeric complex with caveolins in vivo. Characterization and epitope-mapping of a novel flotillin-1 monoclonal antibody probe". J. Biol. Chem. 274 (18): 12702–9. 1999. doi:10.1074/jbc.274.18.12702. PMID 10212252. 
• "Flotillin 2 is distinct from epidermal surface antigen (ESA) and is associated with filopodia formation". J. Cell. Biochem. 75 (1): 147–59. 1999. doi:10.1002/(SICI)1097-4644(19991001)75:1<147::AID-JCB15>3.0.CO;2-D. PMID 10462713. 
• "Stomatin, flotillin-1, and flotillin-2 are major integral proteins of erythrocyte lipid rafts". Blood 97 (4): 1141–3. 2001. doi:10.1182/blood.V97.4.1141. PMID 11159550. 
• "The lipid raft microdomain-associated protein reggie-1/flotillin-2 is expressed in human B cells and localized at the plasma membrane and centrosome in PBMCs". Immunobiology 205 (1): 108–19. 2002. doi:10.1078/0171-2985-00114. PMID 11999340. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:352-opus-39143. 
• "Expressed sequence tag analysis of human RPE/choroid for the NEIBank Project: over 6000 non-redundant transcripts, novel genes and splice variants". Mol. Vis. 8: 205–20. 2002. PMID 12107410. 
• "Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 99 (26): 16899–903. 2003. doi:10.1073/pnas.242603899. PMID 12477932. Bibcode: 2002PNAS...9916899M. 
• "Global profiling of the cell surface proteome of cancer cells uncovers an abundance of proteins with chaperone function". J. Biol. Chem. 278 (9): 7607–16. 2003. doi:10.1074/jbc.M210455200. PMID 12493773. 
• "Analysis of a high-throughput yeast two-hybrid system and its use to predict the function of intracellular proteins encoded within the human MHC class III region". Genomics 83 (1): 153–67. 2004. doi:10.1016/S0888-7543(03)00235-0. PMID 14667819. 
• "The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC)". Genome Res. 14 (10B): 2121–7. 2004. doi:10.1101/gr.2596504. PMID 15489334. 
• "Up-regulation of Flotillin-2 is associated with melanoma progression and modulates expression of the thrombin receptor protease activated receptor 1". Cancer Res. 64 (20): 7361–9. 2004. doi:10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-04-0823. PMID 15492257. 
• "Towards a proteome-scale map of the human protein-protein interaction network". Nature 437 (7062): 1173–8. 2005. doi:10.1038/nature04209. PMID 16189514. Bibcode: 2005Natur.437.1173R. 
• "Caveolins and flotillin-2 are present in the blood stages of Plasmodium vivax". Parasitol. Res. 99 (2): 153–9. 2006. doi:10.1007/s00436-006-0139-6. PMID 16521037. 
• "High flotillin-2 expression is associated with lymph node metastasis and Breslow depth in melanoma". Melanoma Res. 16 (5): 461–3. 2007. doi:10.1097/01.cmr.0000222592.75858.20. PMID 17013097. 
• "Arginase-flotillin interaction brings arginase to red blood cell membrane". FEBS Lett. 580 (28–29): 6561–4. 2007. doi:10.1016/j.febslet.2006.11.003. PMID 17113085. 
• "The lipid raft proteins flotillins/reggies interact with Galphaq and are involved in Gq-mediated p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase activation through tyrosine kinase". Cell. Signal. 19 (6): 1301–8. 2007. doi:10.1016/j.cellsig.2007.01.012. PMID 17307333. 
• "Linking membrane microdomains to the cytoskeleton: regulation of the lateral mobility of reggie-1/flotillin-2 by interaction with actin". FEBS Lett. 581 (24): 4697–703. 2007. doi:10.1016/j.febslet.2007.08.074. PMID 17854803. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:352-opus-119206. 
• "Flotillins are involved in the polarization of primitive and mature hematopoietic cells.". PLOS ONE 4 (12): e8290. 2009. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0008290. PMID 20027317. Bibcode: 2009PLoSO...4.8290R. 
• "Interplay between toxin transport and flotillin localization.". PLOS ONE 5 (1): e8844. 2010. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0008844. PMID 20107503. Bibcode: 2010PLoSO...5.8844P. 
• Stuermer CA (2010). "The reggie/flotillin connection to growth.". Trends Cell Biol. 20 (1): 6–13. doi:10.1016/j.tcb.2009.10.003. PMID 19896850. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:352-opus-108991. 
• "Cellular roles of the prion protein in association with reggie/flotillin microdomains.". Front. Biosci. 15 (3): 1075–85. 2010. doi:10.2741/3662. PMID 20515742. https://kops.uni-konstanz.de/bitstream/123456789/8522/1/Solis_et_al._FBS_2010.pdf. 
• "Flotillin microdomains interact with the cortical cytoskeleton to control uropod formation and neutrophil recruitment". J. Cell Biol. 191 (4): 771–84. 2010. doi:10.1083/jcb.201005140. PMID 21059848. 
• "The kinesin KIF9 and reggie/flotillin proteins regulate matrix degradation by macrophage podosomes". Mol Biol Cell 22 (2): 202–15. 2011. doi:10.1091/mbc.E10-05-0394. PMID 21119006. 
• "Flotillins play an essential role in Niemann-Pick C1-like 1-mediated cholesterol uptake". Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 108 (2): 551–6. 2011. doi:10.1073/pnas.1014434108. PMID 21187433. Bibcode: 2011PNAS..108..551G. 
• "Soluble expression, purification, and characterization of recombinant human flotillin-2 (reggie-1) in Escherichia coli.". Mol Biol Rep 38 (3): 2091–8. 2011. doi:10.1007/s11033-010-0335-4. PMID 20857209.