Biology:Festuca perennis
| Festuca perennis | |
|---|---|
| |
Scientific classification 
| |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Clade: | Tracheophytes |
| Clade: | Angiosperms |
| Clade: | Monocots |
| Clade: | Commelinids |
| Order: | Poales |
| Family: | Poaceae |
| Subfamily: | Pooideae |
| Genus: | Festuca |
| Species: | F. perennis
|
| Binomial name | |
| Festuca perennis Lam.
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| Synonyms | |
Festuca perennis [citation needed] (Italian rye-grass,[3] annual ryegrass) is a ryegrass native to temperate Europe, though its precise native range is unknown.[4]
It is a herbaceous annual, biennial, or perennial grass that is grown for silage, and as a cover crop.[5][6] It is also grown as an ornamental grass. It readily naturalizes in temperate climates, and can become a noxious weed in agricultural areas and an invasive species in native habitats.[4]
It is a host plant to wheat yellow leaf virus in its native Europe.[7]
It is sometimes considered a subspecies of perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne). It differs from L. perenne in its spikelet, which has a long bristle at the top, and its stem, which is round rather than folded.
It can be mistaken for couch (Elymus repens), which has spikelets along the broad side of the stem rather than the edge.[8]
Other common names in English include Australian ryegrass, short rotation ryegrass, and Westerwolds ryegrass. It is also one of several species called darnel.
Uses
In the United States, Festuca perennis is sometimes used as a winter cover crop to prevent erosion, build soil structure and suppress weeds. As a palatable forage crop, it can be grazed by livestock and provide food in years when alfalfa suffers from winter kill.[9]
Symbiosis
F. perennis is shown by Gundel et al 2011 to carry an unknown Neotyphodium endophyte. They found it to be seed transmitted.[10]
References
- ↑ "Festuca perennis Calflora". https://www.calflora.org/cgi-bin/species_query.cgi?where-taxon=Festuca+perennis.
- ↑ "Lolium multiflorum Calflora". http://www.calflora.org/cgi-bin/species_query.cgi?where-calrecnum=4945.
- ↑ (xls) BSBI List 2007, Botanical Society of Britain and Ireland, https://bsbi.org/download/3542/, retrieved 2014-10-17
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 Quattrocchi, Umberto (2006). CRC World Dictionary of Grasses: Common Names, Scientific Names, Eponyms, Synonyms, and Etymology - 3 Volume Set. CRC. pp. 2408. ISBN 978-0-8493-1303-5.
- ↑ Cosgrove, Dennis; Michael Casler (1999-12-02). "Rygrass types for pasture and hay". Agronomy Advice. Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences University of Wisconsin Extension and Cooperative Education. http://www.uwex.edu/ces/forage/pubs/ryegrass.htm.
- ↑ Moseley, G.; E. L. Jones; V. Ramanathan (September 1988). "The nutritional evaluation of Italian ryegrass cultivars fed as silage to sheep and cattle". Grass and Forage Science 43 (3): 291–295. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2494.1988.tb02154.x.
- ↑ Lapierre, Hervé; Signoret, Pierre A., eds (2004). Viruses and Virus diseases of Poaceace (Gramineae). France: Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique. pp. 605. ISBN 978-2-7380-1088-9.
- ↑ Readers Digest Nature Lovers Library Field Guide To Wild Flowers Of Britain, 1998, page 416
- ↑ "Annual Ryegrass". Sustainable Agriculture Research & Education. USDA. http://www.sare.org/Learning-Center/Books/Managing-Cover-Crops-Profitably-3rd-Edition/Text-Version/Nonlegume-Cover-Crops/Annual-Ryegrass.
- ↑ Ebert, Dieter (2013-11-23). "The Epidemiology and Evolution of Symbionts with Mixed-Mode Transmission". Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution, and Systematics (Annual Reviews) 44 (1): 623–643. doi:10.1146/annurev-ecolsys-032513-100555. ISSN 1543-592X.
External links
Wikidata ☰ Q157883 entry
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