Biology:Filsoniana australiensis
| Filsoniana australiensis | |
|---|---|
Scientific classification 
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| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Fungi |
| Division: | Ascomycota |
| Class: | Lecanoromycetes |
| Order: | Teloschistales |
| Family: | Teloschistaceae |
| Genus: | Filsoniana |
| Species: | F. australiensis
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| Binomial name | |
| Filsoniana australiensis (S.Y.Kondr., Kärnefelt & Filson) S.Y.Kondr., Kärnefelt, Elix, A.Thell & Hur (2013)
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| Holotype: Merredin Peak, Western Australia | |
| Synonyms[1] | |
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Filsoniana australiensis is a species of saxicolous (rock-dwelling), crustose lichen in the family Teloschistaceae.[2] It is found in Australia. The lichen forms patches up to 9 cm wide, with dull pink to brownish pink [[Glossary of lichen terms#{{biology:{1}}}|{{Biology:{1}}}]] and a [[Glossary of lichen terms#{{biology:{1}}}|{{Biology:{1}}}]] central area. It has distinctive, raised reddish-orange [[Glossary of lichen terms#{{biology:{1}}}|{{Biology:{1}}}]] (fruiting bodies).
Taxonomy
The lichen was formally described as Caloplaca australiensis in 2007 by the lichenologists Sergey Kondratyuk, Ingvar Kärnefelt, and Rex Filson. The type specimen was collected by the second author in Western Australia at Merredin Peak in Merredin. This particular specimen was found growing on sun-exposed rocks located in an area dominated by scrub vegetation on shallow soils. The collection site is a mount consisting entirely of monolithic granite.[3] In 2013, the taxon was transferred to Filsoniana, a newly proposed genus that was segregated from Caloplaca.[4]
Description
Filsoniana australiensis has a thallus that typically spans 8–30 mm (5⁄16–1 3⁄16 in) wide, but also forms larger patches up to 5–9 cm (1 15⁄16–3 9⁄16 in). The thallus has distinct [[Glossary of lichen terms#{{biology:{1}}}|{{Biology:{1}}}]], usually dull pink to dirty brownish pink, with marginal lobes measuring 1–3.5 millimetres (1⁄32–1⁄8 in) long. These lobes are thin and convex, often with white [[Glossary of lichen terms#{{biology:{1}}}|{{Biology:{1}}}]] at the tips and are interspersed with deep fissures. The central thallus area is characterised by irregularly shaped, convex [[Glossary of lichen terms#{{biology:{1}}}|{{Biology:{1}}}]] ranging from 0.3 to 0.8 mm in width, forming a [[Glossary of lichen terms#{{biology:{1}}}|{{Biology:{1}}}]] or [[Glossary of lichen terms#{{biology:{1}}}|{{Biology:{1}}}]] texture.[3]
Apothecia of Filsoniana australiensis range from 0.3 to 0.9 mm, occasionally up to 1.4 millimetres (1⁄16 in) in diameter. They are prominently raised above the [[Glossary of lichen terms#{{biology:{1}}}|{{Biology:{1}}}]] and have a reddish-orange [[Glossary of lichen terms#{{biology:{1}}}|{{Biology:{1}}}]]. The [[Glossary of lichen terms#{{biology:{1}}}|{{Biology:{1}}}]] is thick and rose-coloured, while the [[Glossary of lichen terms#{{biology:{1}}}|{{Biology:{1}}}]] is orange. The hymenium and [[Glossary of lichen terms#{{biology:{1}}}|{{Biology:{1}}}]] layers are distinct, with the former measuring 50–70 μm in height and the latter containing oil droplets. [[Glossary of lichen terms#{{biology:{1}}}|{{Biology:{1}}}]] are variable in size, generally long with a wide septum. In terms of standard chemical spot tests, it is K+ (violetish).[3]
Similar species
Filsoniana australiensis shares some resemblance with the Asian species Caloplaca scrobiculata in terms of its overall appearance and dull colouration. It can be distinguished by its eroded ([[Glossary of lichen terms#{{biology:{1}}}|{{Biology:{1}}}]]) surface texture and a brighter thallus hue, which is attributed to the exposure of its white medullary layer. Unlike C. scrobiculata, F. australiensis lacks marginal lobes and has a different type of ascospores, along with a distinct geographical distribution.[3]
When compared to the species Tarasginia tomareeana, F. australiensis is characterised by its dull pink thallus and thalline margin. The two species also differ in the morphology of their marginal and central thallus areas, as well as in the nature of their apothecia, with F. australiensis having lecanorine apothecia as opposed to the [[Glossary of lichen terms#{{biology:{1}}}|{{Biology:{1}}}]] form in T. tomareeana.[3]
Additionally, F. australiensis can be differentiated from the more commonly found species Filsoniana scarlatina and Filsoniana rexfilsonii. While these species share similar palisade inclusions in the cortical layer, F. australiensis sets itself apart with its almost rounded hyphal cells and unusually wide [[Glossary of lichen terms#{{biology:{1}}}|{{Biology:{1}}}]] measuring 4–5 μm.[3]
Habitat and distribution
Filsoniana australiensis is typically found on various rock types including granite, quartzite, basalt, sandstone, and schist, preferring sun-exposed locations. This species is recognised as the most prevalent among the pinkish-coloured inland variants of the genus Caloplaca (in the broad sense). Its presence has been recorded across a range of inland regions in Australia, including Western Australia, Northern Territory, Queensland, New South Wales, and South Australia.[3]
References
- ↑ "Synonymy. Current Name: Filsoniana australiensis (S.Y. Kondr., Kärnefelt & Filson) S.Y. Kondr., Kärnefelt, Elix, A. Thell & Hur, in Kondratyuk et al., Acta bot. hung. 55(3-4): 271 (2013)". Species Fungorum. https://www.speciesfungorum.org/Names/SynSpecies.asp?RecordID=805008.
- ↑ "Filsoniana australiensis (S.Y. Kondr., Kärnefelt & Filson) S.Y. Kondr., Kärnefelt, Elix, A. Thell & Hur". Species 2000: Naturalis, Leiden, the Netherlands. https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/6J35Y.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.6 Kondratyuk, Sergij Y.; Kärnefelt, Ingvar; Elix, John A.; Thell, Arne (2007). "New species of the genus Caloplaca in Australia". Lichenological Contributions in Honour of David Galloway. Bibliotheca Lichenologica. 95. J.Cramer. pp. 341–386. ISBN 978-3-443-58074-2.
- ↑ Kondratyuk, S.; Jeong, M.-H.; Yu, N.-H.; Kärnefelt, I.; Thell, A.; Elix, J.; Kim, J.; Kondratyuk, A. et al. (2013). "Four new genera of teloschistoid lichens (Teloschistaceae, Ascomycota) based on molecular phylogeny". Acta Botanica Hungarica 55 (3–4): 251–274. doi:10.1556/abot.55.2013.3-4.8.
Wikidata ☰ Q105492879 entry
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