Biology:Garcinia cambogioides

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Short description: Species of flowering plant

Garcinia cambogioides
Scientific classification edit
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Rosids
Order: Malpighiales
Family: Clusiaceae
Genus: Garcinia
Species:
G. cambogioides
Binomial name
Garcinia cambogioides
(Murray) Headland
Varieties[2]
  • Garcinia cambogioides var. cambogioides
  • Garcinia cambogioides var. cuspida (A.Begum, Borthakur & J.Sarma) T.K.Paul
  • Garcinia cambogioides var. mucrona (A.Begum, Borthakur & J.Sarma) T.K.Paul
  • Garcinia cambogioides var. pictoria (Roxb.) Shameer & N.Mohanan
Synonyms[2][3][4][5][6]
  • Hebradendron cambogioides (Murray) Graham
  • Stalagmitis cambogioides Murray

synonyms of var. cambogioides

  • Garcinia morella (Gaertn.) Desr.
  • Mangostana morella Gaertn.
  • Stalagmitis cambogia Pers.

synonyms of var. cuspida:

  • Garcinia morella var. cuspida A.Begum, Borthakur & J.Sarma

synonyms of var. mucrona:

  • Garcinia morella var. mucrona A.Begum, Borthakur & J.Sarma

synonyms of var. pictoria:

  • Garcinia pictoria Roxb.
  • Hebradendron pictorium (Roxb.) Royle
Fruit

Garcinia cambogioides is a species of flowering plant in the family Clusiaceae. It is native to southwestern and northeastern India (Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, and neighboring states), Bangladesh, and Sri Lanka.[2]

Common names

  • Assamese: Kũzi Thekera (কুঁঁজী ঠেকেৰা)[7]
  • English: gamboge (Sri Lanka), gamboge (India)
  • Tamil: iravasinni (இரேவற்சின்னி), makki
  • Tulu: aradāḷa[8]
  • Malayalam: iravi, chigiri
  • Kannada: devana huli, jirigehuli, murina huli, ponpuli, 'dirakala hannu'
  • Sinhalese: kokatiya, gokatiya, goraka (ගොරකා)
  • Sanskrit: svarṇakṣīrī (स्वर्णक्षीरी)
  • Cebuano: batuan

Description

Trees are up to 12 m tall. Bark is smooth, and dark brown in color; blaze white.

Leaves simple, opposite, decussate; petiole 0.6-1.5 cm long, canaliculate, sheathing at base, glabrous; lamina 6.5-15 x 3.5-8 cm, usually elliptic, sometimes narrow obovate, apex acute to acuminate, base attenuate; coriaceous or subcoriaceous, glabrous; secondary_nerves 6-8 pairs; tertiary_nerves obscure.

Flowers show inflorescence and are dioecious; male flowers in fascicles, axillary; female flowers larger than male, solitary, axillary.

Varieties

Four varieties are accepted.[2]

  • Garcinia cambogioides var. cambogioides – southwestern and northeastern India, Sri Lanka, and Bangladesh[3]
  • Garcinia cambogioides var. cuspida (A.Begum, Borthakur & J.Sarma) T.K.Paul – Assam[4]
  • Garcinia cambogioides var. mucrona (A.Begum, Borthakur & J.Sarma) T.K.Paul – Assam[5]
  • Garcinia cambogioides var. pictoria (Roxb.) Shameer & N.Mohanan – southwestern India[6]

Uses

Ripe fruits can be eaten but they are very acidic. Just like other garcinia varieties such as kokum (which is prevalent in the Indian west coast) or garcinia pedunculata, the fruit can be preserved by slicing into thin pieces and then drying under sun. It can be made into pickles. Bodos cook the unripe fruit as vegetable with fish. A chutney can be made by boiling the fruit. In Assam, dried and preserved slices are added to black green pulses to make a popular slightly acidic curry. Dried up fruit slices are valued as a traditional remedy for dysentery.[7] In Ayurveda the fruits are used in the treatment of dysentery, gastritis, etc. and is said to have anti inflammatory properties.[9] When the bark is cut it exudes a yellow resin called gamboge that is used in food, paints and medicines. It can be used as a rootstock for the mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana).[10]

In Malnad region of Karnataka, Tirtahalli and Chikkamagalore this is widely used in name of 'odduli', especially in fish recipes. Odduli is prepared by boiling the fruit to get a thick black liquid which can be stored for years without adding preservatives.

See also

References

  1. ↑ Deepu, S.; Geethakumary, M.P. (2020). "Garcinia morella" (in en). IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2020. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T169574690A169589535.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/169574690/169589535. Retrieved 20 April 2026. 
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 "Garcinia cambogioides (Murray) Headland". Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:427869-1. 
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 "Garcinia cambogioides var. cambogioides". Plants of the World Online. https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:3285297-4. 
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 "Garcinia cambogioides var. cuspida (A.Begum, Borthakur & J.Sarma) T.K.Paul". Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77235008-1. 
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 "Garcinia cambogioides var. mucrona (A.Begum, Borthakur & J.Sarma) T.K.Paul". Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77235009-1. 
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 "Garcinia cambogioides var. pictoria (Roxb.) Shameer & N.Mohanan". Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77217391-1. 
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 "Wild Edible Plants of Assam". Director, Forest Communication, Forest Department, Assam, India.. http://www.assamforest.in/publication/wildEdible_plantsAssam.pdf. 
  8. ↑ "ಅರದಾಳ aradaaḷa" (in en, tcy, kn). https://tuludictionary.in/dictionary/cgi-bin/web/frame.html. 
  9. ↑ Tamala – Garcinia morella Uses, Dose, Research at http://easyayurveda.com/2015/04/23/tamala-garcinia-morella-uses-dose-research/
  10. ↑ Useful Tropical Plants: Garcinia morella at http://tropical.theferns.info/viewtropical.php?id=Garcinia+morella

Wikidata ☰ Q111312993 entry



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