Biology:Gloeomargarita lithophora
| Gloeomargarita lithophora | |
|---|---|
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| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | |
| Phylum: | |
| Order: | Gloeomargaritales
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| Family: | Gloeomargaritaceae
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| Genus: | Gloeomargarita
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| Species: | G. lithophora
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| Binomial name | |
| Gloeomargarita lithophora | |
Gloeomargarita lithophora is a cyanobacterium, and is the proposed sister of the endosymbiotic plastids in the eukaryote group Archaeplastida (glaucophytes, plants, green and red algae). Gloeomargarita's relative would have ended up in an ancestral archaeplastid through a singular endosymbiotic event some 1900-1400 million years ago, after which it was recruited by the euglenids and some members of the SAR supergroup.[1][2]
The origin of plastids by endosymbiosis signifies the beginning of photosynthesis in eukaryotes,[3] and as such their evolutionary relationship to Gloeomargarita lithophora, perhaps as a direct divergent,[2] is of high importance to the evolutionary history of photosynthesis. Gloeomargarita appears to be related to a (basal) Synechococcus branch.[4][5][6][verification needed][clarification needed] A similar endosymbiotic event occurred about 500 million years ago, with another Synechococcus related bacteria appearing in Paulinella chromatophora.[6]
Description
G. lithophora was first isolated in 2007 from microbiolate samples taken from alkaline Lake Alchichica (Mexico). These samples were maintained in a lab aquarium and G. lithophora was isolated from biofilm that occurred within the aquarium. G. lithophora are gram-negative, unicellular rods with oxygenic photoautotrophic metabolism and gliding motility. They contain chlorophyll a and phycocyanin and photosynthetic thylakoids located peripherally. Cells are 1.1 μm wide and 3.9 μm long on average. Growth occurred in both liquid and solid BG-11 growth media, as well as in alkaline water. Optimal growth temperature is 25 °C and optimal growth pH is 8–8.5.[7]
Bioremediation
Some evidence suggests that Gloeomargarita lithophora could serve as a biological buffer to treat water contaminated with strontium, barium, or radioactive pollutants such as radium. This could be a useful application of bioremediation.[8][9][10]
References
- ↑ Strassert, Jürgen F. H.; Irisarri, Iker; Williams, Tom A.; Burki, Fabien (2021). "A molecular timescale for eukaryote evolution with implications for the origin of red algal-derived plastids". Nature 12 (1): 1879. doi:10.1038/s41467-021-22044-z. PMID 33767194. Bibcode: 2021NatCo..12.1879S.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Betts, Holly C.; Puttick, Mark N.; Clark, James W.; Williams, Tom A.; Donoghue, Philip C. J.; Pisani, Davide (2018-08-20). "Integrated genomic and fossil evidence illuminates life's early evolution and eukaryote origin" (in En). Nature Ecology & Evolution 2 (10): 1556–1562. doi:10.1038/s41559-018-0644-x. ISSN 2397-334X. PMID 30127539.
- ↑ Gould, Sven B.; Waller, Ross F.; McFadden, Geoffrey I. (2008). "Plastid Evolution". Annual Review of Plant Biology 59 (1): 491–517. doi:10.1146/annurev.arplant.59.032607.092915. PMID 18315522.
- ↑ Saw, Jimmy H. W.; Schatz, Michael; Brown, Mark V.; Kunkel, Dennis D.; Foster, Jamie S.; Shick, Harry; Christensen, Stephanie; Hou, Shaobin et al. (2013-10-23). "Cultivation and Complete Genome Sequencing of Gloeobacter kilaueensis sp. nov., from a Lava Cave in Kīlauea Caldera, Hawai'i" (in en). PLOS ONE 8 (10): e76376. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0076376. ISSN 1932-6203. PMID 24194836. Bibcode: 2013PLoSO...876376S.
- ↑ Ponce-Toledo, Rafael I.; Deschamps, Philippe; López-García, Purificación; Zivanovic, Yvan; Benzerara, Karim; Moreira, David (2017). "An Early-Branching Freshwater Cyanobacterium at the Origin of Plastids". Current Biology 27 (3): 386–391. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2016.11.056. ISSN 0960-9822. PMID 28132810.
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 Sánchez-Baracaldo, Patricia; Raven, John A.; Pisani, Davide; Knoll, Andrew H. (2017-09-12). "Early photosynthetic eukaryotes inhabited low-salinity habitats" (in en). Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 114 (37): E7737–E7745. doi:10.1073/pnas.1620089114. ISSN 0027-8424. PMID 28808007. Bibcode: 2017PNAS..114E7737S.
- ↑ Moreira, David; Tavera, Rosaluz; Benzerara, Karim; Skouri-Panet, Fériel; Couradeau, Estelle; Gérard, Emmanuelle; Loussert Fonta, Céline; Novela, Eberto et al. (2017-04-01). "Description of Gloeomargarita lithophora gen. nov., sp. nov., a thylakoid-bearing basal-branching cyanobacterium with intracellular carbonates, and proposal for Gloeomargaritales ord. nov." (in en). International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 67 (3): 653–658. doi:10.1099/ijsem.0.001679. PMID 27902306.
- ↑ Blondeau, Marine; Benzerara, Karim; Ferard, Céline; Guigner, Jean-Michel; Poinsot, Mélanie; Coutaud, Margot; Tharaud, Mickaël; Cordier, Laure et al. (20 April 2018). "Impact of the cyanobacterium Gloeomargarita lithophora on the geochemical cycles of Sr and Ba" (in en). Chemical Geology 483: 88–97. doi:10.1016/j.chemgeo.2018.02.029. ISSN 0009-2541. Bibcode: 2018ChGeo.483...88B. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0009254118301001. Retrieved 10 April 2020.
- ↑ Mehta, Neha; Bougoure, Jeremy; Kocar, Benjamin D.; Duprat, Elodie; Benzerara, Karim (2022-04-08). "Cyanobacteria Accumulate Radium ( 226 Ra) within Intracellular Amorphous Calcium Carbonate Inclusions" (in en). ACS ES&T Water 2 (4): 616–623. doi:10.1021/acsestwater.1c00473. ISSN 2690-0637. https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acsestwater.1c00473.
- ↑ Mehta, Neha; Benzerara, Karim; Kocar, Benjamin D.; Chapon, Virginie (2019-11-05). "Sequestration of Radionuclides Radium-226 and Strontium-90 by Cyanobacteria Forming Intracellular Calcium Carbonates" (in en). Environmental Science & Technology 53 (21): 12639–12647. doi:10.1021/acs.est.9b03982. ISSN 0013-936X. PMID 31584265. Bibcode: 2019EnST...5312639M. https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acs.est.9b03982.
Wikidata ☰ Q56277643 entry
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