Biology:Graphis halonata
| Graphis halonata | |
|---|---|
Scientific classification 
| |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Fungi |
| Division: | Ascomycota |
| Class: | Lecanoromycetes |
| Order: | Graphidales |
| Family: | Graphidaceae |
| Genus: | Graphis |
| Species: | G. halonata
|
| Binomial name | |
| Graphis halonata Kalb & Aptroot (2018)
| |
Graphis halonata is a species of [[Glossary of lichen terms#{{biology:{1}}}|{{Biology:{1}}}]] in the family Graphidaceae,[1] first described in 2018. It is found in Brazil. The species is distinguished by its [[Glossary of lichen terms#{{biology:{1}}}|{{Biology:{1}}}]] (rock-dwelling) habitat, presence of [[Glossary of lichen terms#{{biology:{1}}}|{{Biology:{1}}}]], and unique [[Glossary of lichen terms#{{biology:{1}}}|{{Biology:{1}}}]] characteristics.[2]
Taxonomy
Graphis halonata was formally described by the lichenologists Klaus Kalb and André Aptroot in 2018. The type specimen was collected in the Serra do Espinhaco, specifically Serra do Caraça (pt), Bocaina, Minas Gerais, Brazil, on a sandstone boulder at an altitude of 1,450 m (4,760 ft). The specific epithet halonata refers to the characteristic [[Glossary of lichen terms#{{biology:{1}}}|{{Biology:{1}}}]] (halo-like) [[Glossary of lichen terms#{{biology:{1}}}|{{Biology:{1}}}]] found in this species.[2]
Description
The thallus of Graphis halonata is [[Glossary of lichen terms#{{biology:{1}}}|{{Biology:{1}}}]], [[Glossary of lichen terms#{{biology:{1}}}|{{Biology:{1}}}]], discontinuous and uneven. It lacks a [[Glossary of lichen terms#{{biology:{1}}}|{{Biology:{1}}}]], is dull and ochraceous white, measuring up to 0.2 mm thick, and is not surrounded by a [[Glossary of lichen terms#{{biology:{1}}}|{{Biology:{1}}}]]. The [[Glossary of lichen terms#{{biology:{1}}}|{{Biology:{1}}}]] is [[Glossary of lichen terms#{{biology:{1}}}|{{Biology:{1}}}]]. [[Glossary of lichen terms#{{biology:{1}}}|{{Biology:{1}}}]] are erumpent from the thallus, completely [[Glossary of lichen terms#{{biology:{1}}}|{{Biology:{1}}}]], not striate, wavy linear, irregularly branched and partly divided into separate discs, measuring 0.5–2.5 mm long, about 0.4 mm wide, and approximately 0.3 mm high. The rim is black, and the [[Glossary of lichen terms#{{biology:{1}}}|{{Biology:{1}}}]] is lateral and ochraceous white. The [[Glossary of lichen terms#{{biology:{1}}}|{{Biology:{1}}}]] is 100–125 μm high and not [[Glossary of lichen terms#{{biology:{1}}}|{{Biology:{1}}}]]. [[Glossary of lichen terms#{{biology:{1}}}|{{Biology:{1}}}]], which number eight per [[Glossary of lichen terms#{{biology:{1}}}|{{Biology:{1}}}]], are hyaline, IKI+ (violet), and broadly ellipsoid in shape. These spores are [[Glossary of lichen terms#{{biology:{1}}}|{{Biology:{1}}}]] (i.e., divided into [[Glossary of lichen terms#{{biology:{1}}}|{{Biology:{1}}}]] or locules by intersecting 3–5 longitudinal and 0–3 transverse septa), measuring 18–26 by 12–15 μm, surrounded by a gelatinous sheath about 5 μm wide, with lumina arranged somewhat spirally. [[Glossary of lichen terms#{{biology:{1}}}|{{Biology:{1}}}]] were not observed.[2]
Chemical spot tests show that the thallus and thalline margin of the [[Glossary of lichen terms#{{biology:{1}}}|{{Biology:{1}}}]] are UV−, C−, P−, and K+ (yellow turning red). Thin-layer chromatography analysis shows the presence of norstictic and connorstictic acids.[2]
Habitat and distribution
Graphis halonata was found on a free-standing sandstone boulder and at the time of original publication was known only from Brazil.[2]
References
- ↑ "Graphis halonata Kalb & Aptroot". Species 2000: Naturalis, Leiden, the Netherlands. https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/3H9KL.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 Kalb, K.; Aptroot, A. (2018). "New lichen species from Brazil and Venezuela". The Bryologist 121 (1): 56–66. doi:10.1639/0007-2745-121.1.056.
Wikidata ☰ Q107708926 entry
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