Biology:GrassMaster
From HandWiki
Short description: Sports playing field surface composed of natural grass combined with artificial fibres
GrassMaster is a hybrid grass sports playing field surface composed of natural grass combined with artificial fibres. The method was developed and patented by Desso Sports from the Netherlands in 1993. This hybrid grass system is now marketed and further developed by Tarkett Sports after a takeover of Desso Sports and has since been re-branded as GrassMaster.
Technology
GrassMaster reinforces a natural grass pitch by vertically inserting 20 million polypropylene (PP) fibres into the soil equally spread over the entire playing field. The 20 cm (7.9 in) long PP fibres are injected by computer-controlled machines, 18 cm (7.1 in) deep so 2 cm (0.8 in) remains above the surface.[1] The PP fibres are inserted in a grid of about 2 cm × 2 cm (0.8 in × 0.8 in). The grass roots entwine with the fibres and grow deeper and wider.[2] The PP fibres above the surface are designed to ensure an even and stable surface. GrassMaster may be installed before seeding, after seeding or on grass sods.[3]
Major installations
| Stadium | Club | Sport | Country |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ashton Gate Stadium | Bristol City and Bristol Bears | Association football and rugby union | England |
| Villa Park | Aston Villa F.C. | Association football | England |
| St James’ Park | Newcastle United | Association football | England |
| Elland Road | Leeds United | Association football | England |
| Hillsborough[4][5] | Sheffield Wednesday | Association football | England |
| Camp Nou | FC Barcelona | Association football | Spain |
| Luminus Arena | KRC Genk | Association football | Belgium |
| San Siro | Inter Milan and A.C. Milan | Association football | Italy |
| Stade Marcel Picot | AS Nancy | Association football | France |
| King Abdullah Sports City | Ittihad FC and Al-Ahli Saudi FC | Association football | Saudi Arabia |
| Mapei Stadium | US Sassuolo Calcio | Association football | Italy |
| Goodison Park | Everton FC | Association football | England |
| Stade Marcel-Michelin | ASM Clermont Auvergne | Rugby union | France |
| CNFE Clairefontaine | French Football Federation | Association football | France |
| Anfield | Liverpool | Association football | England |
| Selhurst Park | Crystal Palace | Association football | England |
| Carrow Road | Norwich City | Association football | England |
| Parc des Princes | Paris Saint-Germain | Association football | France |
| Stade de Roudourou | En Avant Guingamp | Association football | France |
| Stade Louis II | AS Monaco | Association football | Monaco |
| Stade Océane | Le Havre AC | Association football | France |
| Stade de France[6] | France | Association football and other events | France |
| Stade Francis-Le Blé | Stade Brestois 29 | Association football | France |
| Stade Auguste-Delaune | Stade de Reims | Association football | France |
| Estádio Parque São Jorge | Corinthians | Association football | Brazil |
| Neo Química Arena | Corinthians | Association football | Brazil |
| Arena do Grêmio[7] | Grêmio | Association football | Brazil |
| King Power Stadium[8] | Leicester City | Association football | England |
| Twickenham Stadium | Rugby Football Union | Rugby union | England |
| Emirates Stadium[9] | Arsenal | Association football | England |
| Kirklees Stadium | Huddersfield Town and Huddersfield Giants |
Association football and rugby league |
England |
| Celtic Park | Celtic | Association football | Scotland |
| Leigh Sports Village | Leigh[10] | Rugby league | England |
| City of Manchester Stadium | Manchester City[11] | Association football | England |
| Old Trafford[12] | Manchester United | Association football | England |
| Trafford Training Centre[13] | Manchester United | Association football | England |
| Adams Park | Wycombe Wanderers (and formerly Wasps) |
Association football (and formerly rugby union) |
England |
| Vicarage Road[14] | Watford (and formerly Saracens) |
Association football (and formerly rugby union) |
England |
| Wembley Stadium[15] | England | Association football and other events | England |
| Aviva Stadium | Ireland national rugby union team and Republic of Ireland national football team |
Rugby union and association football |
Ireland |
| Stadion Galgenwaard | Utrecht | Association football | Netherlands |
| Euroborg | FC Groningen | Association football | Netherlands |
| AFAS Stadion | AZ Alkmaar | Association football | Netherlands |
| Sportpark De Toekomst | AFC Ajax | Association football | Netherlands |
| Forsyth Barr Stadium[16] | Highlanders | Rugby union | New Zealand |
| Lerkendal Stadion | Rosenborg | Association football | Norway |
| Arena Khimki | Khimki | Association football | Russia |
| Mbombela Stadium | 2010 FIFA World Cup South Africa | Association football | South Africa |
| Peter Mokaba Stadium | 2010 FIFA World Cup South Africa | Association football | South Africa |
| Nelson Mandela Bay Stadium | 2010 FIFA World Cup South Africa and South Africa Sevens |
Association football and rugby sevens |
South Africa |
| Lincoln Financial Field | Philadelphia Eagles | American football | United States |
| Lambeau Field | Green Bay Packers | American football | United States |
| Liberty Stadium[17] | Swansea City and Ospreys |
Association football and rugby union |
Wales |
| Millennium Stadium[18] | Welsh Rugby Union |
Rugby union (also Welsh international association football) |
Wales |
| Cardiff City Stadium[19] | Cardiff City (and formerly Cardiff Blues) |
Association football (and formerly rugby union) |
Wales |
| National Stadium, Singapore | Singapore national football team | Rugby union and association football | Singapore |
| Rodney Parade | Dragons Newport County Newport RFC |
Rugby union and association football | Wales |
| Volkswagen Arena | VfL Wolfsburg | Association football | Germany |
| Metalist Stadium | Metalist Kharkiv | Association football | Ukraine |
| Donbass Arena | Shakhtar Donetsk | Association football | Ukraine |
| Central City Stadium | National Team of Kazakhstan | Association football | Kazakhstan |
| Murrayfield | Edinburgh Rugby and Scotland |
Rugby union | Scotland |
| Stadio Marc'Antonio Bentegodi | Hellas Verona and Chievo Verona | Association football | Italy |
| Lokomotiv Stadium | FC Lokomotiv Moscow | Association football | Russia |
| Kazan Arena | FC Rubin Kazan | Association football | Russia |
| Estadio de la Cerámica | Villareal CF | Association football | Spain |
| Melbourne City Football Academy | Melbourne City FC | Association football | Australia |
| Ooredoo Training Centre | Paris Saint-Germain | Association football | France |
| St Georges Park | National Football Centre FA | Association football | England |
| Bramall Lane[20] | Sheffield United | Association football | England |
| Imam Reza Stadium | Padideh F.C. | Association football | Iran |
| Cairo International Stadium | Egyptian national football team | Association football | Egypt |
| El Sekka El Hadid Stadium | El Sekka El Hadid SC | Association football | Egypt |
| New Administrative Capital Stadium | TBD | Association football | Egypt |
| Vodafone Park | Beşiktaş J.K. | Association football | Turkey |
| Bashundhara Kings Arena | Bashundhara Kings | Association football | Bangladesh |
| Darius and Girėnas Stadium | FK Kauno Žalgiris | Association football | Lithuania |
| Brisbane Road | Leyton Orient | Association football | England |
References
- ↑ Oldenkotte, Guy (2 September 2020). "Hybrid fields discussed - By Guy Oldenkotte". https://sportsfields.info/hybrid-fields/.
- ↑ Anderson, F. D.; Fleming, P.; Sherratt, P.; Severn, K. (1 January 2016). "Design and Development of a Novel Natural Turf Shear Stability Tester" (in en). Procedia Engineering 147: 842–847. doi:10.1016/j.proeng.2016.06.293. ISSN 1877-7058.
- ↑ "Home - GrassMaster Solutions". https://grassmastersolutions.com/en.
- ↑ "Sheffield Wednesday: Work continues on Desso pitch". https://www.sheffieldtelegraph.co.uk/sport/football/owls/sheffield-wednesday-work-continues-on-desso-pitch-1-7279480.
- ↑ "VIDEO: Sheffield Wednesday on track with new state-of-the-art pitch". https://www.thestar.co.uk/sport/football/sheffield-wednesday/latest-owls-news/video-sheffield-wednesday-on-track-with-new-state-of-the-art-pitch-1-7258862.
- ↑ "Le Stade de France choisit Tarkett Sports et sa technologie Desso GrassMaster". dessosports (Paris). http://www.dessosports.com/fr/nouvelles/le-stade-de-france-choisit-tarkett-sports-et-sa-technologie-desso-grassmaster.
- ↑ "High-tech hybrid grass for Grêmio Arena". GFPA (Porto Alegre (RS,Brazil)). http://www.dessosports.com/sports/football/football-projects/gremio-brazil.
- ↑ "Pitch Refurbishment Underway". LCFC (Leicester). http://www.lcfc.com/page/LatestNews/0,,10274~2367973,00.html.
- ↑ "How Arsenal have put Wembley in the shade". The Times (London). http://extras.timesonline.co.uk/pdfs/sport/surfacetension.pdf.
- ↑ "LSV beats the big freeze!". http://leighsportsvillage.co.uk/news_detail_from_leigh_sports_village.php?news_id=199.
- ↑ "Manchester City inaugurates brand new stadium". http://www.prnewswire.co.uk/cgi/news/release?id=106750.
- ↑ Parsons, Tom (5 June 2013). "Pitch battle prompts Manchester United to switch to new surface". Inside World Football. http://www.insideworldfootball.com/world-football/europe/12657-pitch-battle-prompts-manchester-united-to-switch-to-new-surface.
- ↑ "Louis van Gaal: New Manchester United manager orders club to rip up training ground pitches before his arrival". The Independent. 7 June 2014. https://www.independent.co.uk/sport/football/premier-league/louis-van-gaal-new-manchester-united-manager-orders-club-to-rip-up-training-ground-pitches-before-9506510.html.
- ↑ "Pitch relay news Desso is go". WatfordFC.com. London. http://www.watfordfc.com/page/NewsDetail/0,,10400~2839021,00.html.
- ↑ "The Wembley pitch". FATV (London). http://www.thefa.com/TheFA/Wembley/NewsandFeatures/2011/Desso-Installed.
- ↑ "Dunedin's hi-tech stadium open for business". tvnz (New Zealand). http://tvnz.co.nz/national-news/dunedin-s-hi-tech-stadium-open-business-4339941.
- ↑ "Liberty Stadium Pitch - Official Stadium Website". http://www.liberty-stadium.com/liberty_stadium_intro_pitch.php.
- ↑ "Millennium Stadium to have new hybrid playing surface". BBC Sport. 23 May 2014. https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/rugby-union/27546326.
- ↑ "Cardiff City Stadium, Home of Cardiff City FC". https://cardiffcitystadium.co.uk/?view=article&catid=8%3Anews&id=107%3Amarch-go-desso&option=com_content&Itemid=48.
- ↑ "A new pitch for the Blades". http://www.sufc.co.uk/news/article/sheffield-united-bramall-lane-2459910.aspx.
External links
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