Biology:HLA-B15

Short description: HLA-B serotype

HLA-B*15:01 (alpha)-β2MG with bound peptide
major histocompatibility complex (human), class I, B15
Alleles	B*15:01, 15:02 . .
Structure (See HLA-B)
Shared data
Locus	chr.6 6p21.31

HLA-B15 (B15) is an HLA-B serotype. The serotype identifies the B*15 gene-allele protein products of HLA-B.

B15 is a broad antigen and can be subdivided into several split antigens that are often used in characterization. These are B62, B63, B70, B71, B72, B75, B76, B77. B*15 is the largest allele grouping for any known human autosomal locus, identified as of August 2008 there are more than 150 alleles and ~140 amino acid sequence variants from those gene products. Some of these alleles are discussed below. Other alleles, such as B*46 evolved from B*15. One reason for the diversity of this group is that B15 is among a group of alleles enriched in the original humans that left Africa and dispersed across East Asia and Australia. As people traveled east the frequency of many alleles dropped or disappeared from migrants. However B*15 persisted, expanded and diversified. The wide range and complex environment selected for new alleles and promoted their expansion. B*46 for example is not found in Africa, and appears to have evolved and spread in East Asia, to several 100 million bearers worldwide.

HLA-B15 allele *15:02 is associated with the severe skin conditions Stevens–Johnson syndrome (SJS) and toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) caused by carbamazepine drug sensitivity in East Asians.

Carriers of the HLA-B15 allele *15:01 (B62) are much more likely to be asymptomatic when infected with SARS-CoV-2 (the virus that causes COVID-19).

Serotype

Serotypes B15, B62, B63, B70, B71, B72, B75, B76, B77 recognition of the HLA B*15 gene products

B*15	B15	B62	B63	B70	B71	B72	B75	B76	B77	Sample	Desig-
allele	%	%	%	%	%	%	%	%	%	size (N)	nation
Template:HBA	2	96								1906	B62
Template:HBA	7	22					62			1035	B75
Template:HBA	1			61		10				2569	B70
Template:HBA	10	69								29	B62
Template:HBA	18	64								22	B62
Template:HBA		40		20			11			10	B62
Template:HBA		79								101	B62
Template:HBA		20					18			45	B62
Template:HBA				53						65	B70
Template:HBA	1			49	2	2	1			1204	B70
Template:HBA	15	27					21			68	B62
Template:HBA	17	18						8		12	B62
Template:HBA	15	8	19				12		21	116	B77
Template:HBA	13	49					28			138	B62
Template:HBA	3		80							816	B63
Template:HBA	2		88							797	B63
Template:HBA				51	3					552	B70
Template:HBA		100								5	B62
Template:HBA	7	12					55			132	B75
Template:HBA		44								54	B62
Template:HBA	7	74					8			116	B62
Template:HBA	7	76								76	B62
Template:HBA	14	57					14			7	B62
Template:HBA				19						21	B70
Template:HBA	17	64								98	B62
Template:HBA		50								12	B62
Template:HBA		79								34	B62
Template:HBA				30						34	B70
Allele	B15	B62	B63	B70	B71	B72	B75	B76	B77	N
Alleles link-out to IPD-IMGT/HLA Database at EBI