Biology:HNRNPL

Short description: Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens

Generic protein structure example

Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein L is a protein that in humans is encoded by the HNRNPL gene.

Function

Heterogeneous nuclear RNAs (hnRNAs) which include mRNA precursors and mature mRNAs are associated with specific proteins to form heterogeneous ribonucleoprotein (hnRNP) complexes. Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein L is among the proteins that are stably associated with hnRNP complexes and along with other hnRNP proteins is likely to play a major role in the formation, packaging, processing, and function of mRNA. Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein L is present in the nucleoplasm as part of the HNRP complex. HNRP proteins have also been identified outside of the nucleoplasm. Exchange of hnRNP for mRNA-binding proteins accompanies transport of mRNA from the nucleus to the cytoplasm. Since HNRP proteins have been shown to shuttle between the nucleus and the cytoplasm, it is possible that they also have cytoplasmic functions. Two transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene.

Interactions

HNRNPL has been shown to interact with:

• HNRNPLL,
• HNRPK,
• PCBP2, and
• PTBP1.

Further reading

• "The ribonucleoprotein structures along the pathway of mRNA formation". Endocr. Res. 15 (4): 441–74. 1990. doi:10.3109/07435808909036348. PMID 2576798. 
• "Microsequences of 145 proteins recorded in the two-dimensional gel protein database of normal human epidermal keratinocytes". Electrophoresis 13 (12): 960–9. 1993. doi:10.1002/elps.11501301199. PMID 1286667. 
• "Polypyrimidine tract-binding protein interacts with HnRNP L". FEBS Lett. 425 (3): 401–6. 1998. doi:10.1016/S0014-5793(98)00269-5. PMID 9563502. 
• "Regulation of human vascular endothelial growth factor mRNA stability in hypoxia by heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein L". J. Biol. Chem. 274 (3): 1359–65. 1999. doi:10.1074/jbc.274.3.1359. PMID 9880507. 
• "hnRNP A2 and hnRNP L bind the 3'UTR of glucose transporter 1 mRNA and exist as a complex in vivo". Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 261 (3): 646–51. 1999. doi:10.1006/bbrc.1999.1040. PMID 10441480. 
• "Shotgun sequencing of the human transcriptome with ORF expressed sequence tags". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 97 (7): 3491–6. 2000. doi:10.1073/pnas.97.7.3491. PMID 10737800. Bibcode: 2000PNAS...97.3491D. 
• "Protein-protein interaction among hnRNPs shuttling between nucleus and cytoplasm". J. Mol. Biol. 298 (3): 395–405. 2000. doi:10.1006/jmbi.2000.3687. PMID 10772858. 
• "Interaction of two multifunctional proteins. Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein K and Y-box-binding protein". J. Biol. Chem. 275 (20): 15498–503. 2000. doi:10.1074/jbc.275.20.15498. PMID 10809782. 
• "Molecular basis of T cell-mediated recognition of pancreatic cancer cells". Cancer Res. 61 (5): 2038–46. 2001. PMID 11280764. 
• "Human AP-endonuclease 1 and hnRNP-L interact with a nCaRE-like repressor element in the AP-endonuclease 1 promoter". Nucleic Acids Res. 30 (3): 823–9. 2002. doi:10.1093/nar/30.3.823. PMID 11809897. 
• "Inflammation modulates the interaction of heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein (hnRNP) I/polypyrimidine tract binding protein and hnRNP L with the 3'untranslated region of the murine inducible nitric-oxide synthase mRNA". Mol. Pharmacol. 62 (2): 423–31. 2002. doi:10.1124/mol.62.2.423. PMID 12130696. 
• "HnRNP L stimulates splicing of the eNOS gene by binding to variable-length CA repeats". Nat. Struct. Biol. 10 (1): 33–7. 2007. doi:10.1038/nsb875. PMID 12447348. 
• "Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 99 (26): 16899–903. 2003. doi:10.1073/pnas.242603899. PMID 12477932. Bibcode: 2002PNAS...9916899M. 
• "PLG regulates hnRNP-L expression in the rat striatum and pre-frontal cortex: identification by ddPCR". Peptides 24 (1): 137–46. 2003. doi:10.1016/S0196-9781(02)00286-3. PMID 12576095. 
• "Novel functional role of CA repeats and hnRNP L in RNA stability". RNA 9 (8): 931–6. 2003. doi:10.1261/rna.5660803. PMID 12869704. 
• "Decreased brain levels of Lupus La protein and increased U5 small ribonucleoprotein-specific 40 kDa protein in fetal Down syndrome". Cell. Mol. Biol. (Noisy-le-grand) 49 (5): 733–8. 2004. PMID 14528909. 
• "Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs". Nat. Genet. 36 (1): 40–5. 2004. doi:10.1038/ng1285. PMID 14702039. 
• "Transcriptional maps of 10 human chromosomes at 5-nucleotide resolution". Science 308 (5725): 1149–54. 2005. doi:10.1126/science.1108625. PMID 15790807. Bibcode: 2005Sci...308.1149C.