Biology:Harpagorhynchus

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Harpagorhynchus is a monotypic genus of acanthocephalans (thorny-headed or spiny-headed parasitic worms) containing a single species, Harpagorhynchus golvaneuzeti, that infests animals.

Taxonomy

The species was described by Kvach and de Buron in 2019.[1] The National Center for Biotechnology Information does not indicate that any phylogenetic analysis has been published on Harpagorhynchus that would confirm its position as a unique genus in the family Echinorhynchidae.[2]

Description

Harpagorhynchus golvaneuzeti consists of a proboscis covered in hooks and a long trunk.[1]

Distribution

The distribution of Harpagorhynchus golvaneuzeti is determined by that of its hosts. They have been found in Mediterranean Sea and the Sea of Marmara.[1]

Hosts

Diagram of the life cycle of Acanthocephala
Life cycle of Acanthocephala.[3][lower-alpha 1]

The life cycle of an acanthocephalan consists of three stages beginning when an infective acanthor (development of an egg) is released from the intestines of the definitive host and then ingested by an arthropod, the intermediate host. Although the intermediate hosts of Harpagorhynchus are unknown, it is likely an arthropod. When the acanthor molts, the second stage called the acanthella begins. This stage involves penetrating the wall of the mesenteron or the intestine of the intermediate host and growing. The final stage is the infective cystacanth which is the larval or juvenile state of an Acanthocephalan, differing from the adult only in size and stage of sexual development. The cystacanths within the intermediate hosts are consumed by the definitive host, usually attaching to the walls of the intestines, and as adults they reproduce sexually in the intestines. The acanthor is passed in the feces of the definitive host and the cycle repeats. There may be paratenic hosts (hosts where parasites infest but do not undergo larval development or sexual reproduction) for Harpagorhynchus.[5]

Harpagorhynchus golvaneuzeti parasitizes the Common sole (Solea solea).[1] There are no reported cases of Harpagorhynchus golvaneuzeti infesting humans in the English language medical literature.[4] But they may be medically important.[6]

  • Hosts for Harpagorhynchus golvaneuzeti
  • The Common sole is a host for Harpagorhynchus golvaneuzeti
    The Common sole is a host for Harpagorhynchus golvaneuzeti

Notes

  1. ↑ There are no known aberrant human infections for Harpagorhynchus golvaneuzeti species.[4]

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named Kvach2019
  2. ↑ Schoch, Conrad L; Ciufo, Stacy; Domrachev, Mikhail; Hotton, Carol L; Kannan, Sivakumar; Khovanskaya, Rogneda; Leipe, Detlef; Mcveigh, Richard et al. (2020). "NCBI Taxonomy: a comprehensive update on curation, resources and tools.". Database : The Journal of Biological Databases and Curation (NCBI). doi:10.1093/database/baaa062. PMID 32761142. PMC 7408187. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?id=60528. Retrieved April 1, 2024. 
  3. ↑ CDC’s Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria (April 11, 2019). "Acanthocephaliasis". Centers for Disease Control. https://www.cdc.gov/dpdx/acanthocephaliasis/index.html. 
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 Mathison, BA (2021). "Human Acanthocephaliasis: a Thorn in the Side of Parasite Diagnostics". J Clin Microbiol 59 (11). doi:10.1128/JCM.02691-20. PMID 34076470. PMC 8525584. https://doi.org/10.1128%2FJCM.02691-20. 
  5. ↑ Schmidt, G.D. (1985). "Development and life cycles". Biology of the Acanthocephala. Cambridge: Cambridge Univ. Press. pp. 273–305. https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/17218255.pdf. Retrieved 16 July 2023. 
  6. ↑ Rodriguez, A., Suo, X., & Liu, D. (2024). Classification of medically important parasites. In Molecular medical microbiology (pp. 2907-2919). Academic Press.

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