Biology:Hebe (plant)

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Short description: Genus of flowering plants

Hebe
Scrophulariaceae hebe 'waireka'.jpg
Hebe 'Waireka'
Scientific classification e
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Asterids
Order: Lamiales
Family: Plantaginaceae
Tribe: Veroniceae
Genus: Hebe
Comm. ex Juss.
Species

See text

Hebe /ˈhiːbiː/[1] is a genus of plants native to New Zealand, Rapa in French Polynesia, the Falkland Islands and South America. It includes about 90 species and is the largest plant genus in New Zealand. Apart from H. rapensis (endemic to Rapa), all species occur in New Zealand. This includes the two species, H. salicifolia and H. elliptica, that have distributions extending to South America. The genus is named after the Greek goddess of youth, Hebe.

Hebes are widely grown as ornamental plants (see Cultivation below).

Description

Hebe has four perpendicular rows of leaves in opposite decussate pairs. The flowers are perfect, the corolla usually has four slightly unequal lobes, the flower has two stamens and a long style. Flowers are arranged in a spiked inflorescence. Identification of Hebe species is difficult, especially if they are not in flower. The plants range in size from dwarf shrubs to small trees up to 7 metres (23 feet), and are distributed from coastal to alpine ecosystems. Large-leaved species are normally found on the coast, in lowland scrub and along forest margins. At higher altitudes smaller-leaved species grow, and in alpine areas there are whipcord species with leaves reduced to thick scales.

Taxonomy

There are differing classifications for the genus and some botanists now include Hebe, together with the related Australasian genera Chionohebe, Derwentia, Detzneria, Parahebe, Heliohebe and Leonohebe, in the larger genus Veronica (hence its common name shrubby veronica).[2][3][4]

Species

Hebe pinguifolia
Hebe speciosa

About 90–100 species, including:


  • Hebe acutiflora
  • Hebe addenda
  • Hebe albicans
  • Hebe amplexicaulis
  • Hebe arganthera[5]
  • Hebe armstrongii
  • Hebe barkeri
  • Hebe bishopiana
  • Hebe brachysiphon
  • Hebe breviracemosa
  • Hebe brevifolia
  • Hebe buchananii
  • Hebe canterburiensis
  • Hebe carnosula
  • Hebe chathamica
  • Hebe cheesmannii
  • Hebe ciliolata
  • Hebe colensoi
  • Hebe cupressoides
  • Hebe decumbens
  • Hebe dieffenbachii
  • Hebe diosmifolia
  • Hebe elliptica
  • Hebe epacridea
  • Hebe gibbsii
  • Hebe glaucophylla
  • Hebe gracillima
  • Hebe haastii
  • Hebe hectorii
  • Hebe hulkeana
  • Hebe lavaudiana
  • Hebe leiophylla
  • Hebe ligustrifolia
  • Hebe lycopodioides
  • Hebe macrantha
  • Hebe matthewsii
  • Hebe obtusata
  • Hebe ochracea
  • Hebe odora
  • Hebe parviflora
  • Hebe pauciramosa
  • Hebe pimeleoides
  • Hebe pinguifolia
  • Hebe propinqua
  • Hebe rakaiensis
  • Hebe raoulii
  • Hebe recurva
  • Hebe salicifolia
  • Hebe salicornioides
  • Hebe speciosa
  • Hebe stricta
  • Hebe subalpina
  • Hebe subsimilis
  • Hebe tetragona
  • Hebe tetrasticha
  • Hebe topiaria
  • Hebe traversii
  • Hebe trisepala
  • Hebe venustula
  • Hebe vernicosa


Cultivation

Hebes are valued in gardens in temperate climates as evergreen shrubs with decorative (sometimes variegated) leaves. The flowers, in shades of blue, purple, pink or white, appear throughout summer and autumn. Their ability to withstand salt-laden winds makes them especially suited to coastal areas, for instance the South West of England, where they are often grown as hedges. Prostrate varieties can be used as groundcover.[6][7]

Hebes cope with most soil types, and can be propagated easily from both seed and cuttings. Wild Hebe hybrids are uncommon; however, there are many cultivated hybrids, such as Hebe × franciscana.

The Hebe Society, formed in 1985 under the auspices of the British Royal Horticultural Society, promotes the cultivation and conservation of hebes and other New Zealand native plants.

AGM cultivars

The following cultivars have gained the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit:[8]

  • H. albicans[9] (white, 1m)
  • 'Blue Clouds'[10] (pale blue, 1m)
  • ’Caledonia’[11] (violet, 1m)
  • 'Emerald Gem'[12] (white, 0.3m)
  • 'Great Orme'[13] (pink/white, 1.2m)
  • H. macrantha [14]
  • 'Margret' [15] (light blue, 0.5m)
  • 'Midsummer beauty'[16] (lilac/white, 2.5m)
  • 'Mrs Winder'[17] (violet-blue, 1m)
  • 'Neil's Choice'[18] (violet, 1.2m)
  • 'Nicola's Blush'[19] (pink/white, 1m)
  • H. ochracea 'James Stirling'[20] (white, 0.5m)
  • 'Oratia Beauty'[21] (pink/white, 0.75m)
  • 'Pascal'[22] (violet-blue, 0.5m)
  • 'Pewter Dome'[23] (white, 05m)
  • H. pimeloides 'Quicksilver'[24] (pale violet, 0.5m)
  • H. pinguifolia 'Pagei'[25] (white, 0.3m)
  • 'Pink Elephant' [26] (white, 0.5m)
  • H. rakaiensis[27] (white, 1m)
  • H. recurva 'Boughton Silver'[28] (white, 1m)
  • 'Red Edge'[29] (mauve/white, 0.5m)
  • 'Sapphire'[30] (mauve, 1.5m)
  • 'Silver Queen'[31] (mauve, 1m)
  • H. topiaria[32] (white, 0.5m)
  • H. vernicosa[33] (white, 0.5m)
  • ’Wingletye’[34] (mauve, 0.5m)
  • 'Wiri Dawn'[35] (pale pink, 0.5m)
  • 'Youngii'[36] (violet/white, 0.2m)


Gallery

  • Hebe speciosa

  • Hebe pinguifolia

  • Hebe buchananii

  • Hebe decumbens

  • Flowers of Hebe × franciscana

  • Flowers of Hebe × franciscana

  • Hebe x franciscana (Blue Gem)

  • Hebe albicans

  • Hebe rakaiensis

  • Hebe stricta

References

  1. ↑ Sunset Western Garden Book, 1995:606–607
  2. ↑ Thompson, Ken (20 Jan 2011). "Don't judge a plant by appearances". The Telegraph. https://www.telegraph.co.uk/gardening/8264847/Dont-judge-a-plant-by-appearances.html. 
  3. ↑ "Hebe or Veronica". Radio New Zealand. http://www.radionz.co.nz/national/programmes/ourchangingworld/audio/2553720/hebe-or-veronica. 
  4. ↑ Garnock-Jones, Philip; Albach, Dirk; Briggs, Barbara. "Botanical names in Southern Hemisphere Veronica (Plantaginaceae): sect. Detzneria, sect. Hebe, and sect. Labiatoides". Taxon 56: 571–582. 
  5. ↑ Garnock-Jones, Bayly, Lee, Rance (2000). "Hebe arganthera (Scrophulariaceae), a new species from calcareous outcrops in Fiordland, New Zealand". New Zealand Journal of Botany 38: 379–388. doi:10.1080/0028825x.2000.9512690. 
  6. ↑ Wheeler, Chris & Valerie (2002). Gardening with hebes. United Kingdom: Guild of Master Craftsmen. pp. 160. ISBN 1861082916. 
  7. ↑ Brickell, Christopher (2010). The RHS encyclopedia of plants & flowers. United Kingdom: Dorling Kindersley. pp. 744. ISBN 1405354232. 
  8. ↑ "AGM Plants – Ornamental". Royal Horticultural Society. July 2017. p. 43. https://www.rhs.org.uk/plants/pdfs/agm-lists/agm-ornamentals.pdf. 
  9. ↑ "RHS Plant Selector – Hebe albicans". https://www.rhs.org.uk/Plants/8304/Hebe-albicans/Details. 
  10. ↑ "RHS Plant Selector – Hebe 'Blue Clouds'". https://www.rhs.org.uk/Plants/98902/Hebe-Blue-Clouds/Details. 
  11. ↑ "RHS Plantfinder – Hebe ‘Caledonia’". https://www.rhs.org.uk/Plants/33796/Hebe-Caledonia/Details. 
  12. ↑ "RHS Plant Selector – Hebe 'Emerald Gem'". https://www.rhs.org.uk/Plants/68473/Hebe-Emerald-Gem/Details. 
  13. ↑ "RHS Plant Selector – Hebe 'Great Orme'". https://www.rhs.org.uk/Plants/98956/Hebe-Great-Orme/Details. 
  14. ↑ "Hebe macrantha". RHS. https://www.rhs.org.uk/Plants/8343/Hebe-macrantha/Details. 
  15. ↑ "Hebe 'Margret'". RHS. https://www.rhs.org.uk/Plants/50924/Hebe-Margret/Details. 
  16. ↑ "RHS Plant Selector – Hebe 'Midsummer Beauty'". https://www.rhs.org.uk/Plants/99747/Hebe-Midsummer-Beauty/Details. 
  17. ↑ "RHS Plant Selector – Hebe 'Mrs Winder'". https://www.rhs.org.uk/Plants/64296/Hebe-Mrs-Winder/Details. 
  18. ↑ "RHS Plant Selector – Hebe 'Neil's Choice'". https://www.rhs.org.uk/Plants/56096/Hebe-Neil-s-Choice/Details. 
  19. ↑ "RHS Plant Selector – Hebe 'Nicola's Blush'". https://www.rhs.org.uk/Plants/89028/Hebe-Nicola-s-Blush/Details. 
  20. ↑ "RHS Plant Selector – Hebe ochracea 'James Stirling'". https://www.rhs.org.uk/Plants/99320/Hebe-ochracea-James-Stirling/Details. 
  21. ↑ "RHS Plant Selector – Hebe 'Oratia Beauty'". https://www.rhs.org.uk/Plants/68587/Hebe-Oratia-Beauty/Details. 
  22. ↑ "RHS Plant Selector – Hebe 'Pascal'". https://www.rhs.org.uk/Plants/150064/Hebe-Pascal/Details. 
  23. ↑ "RHS Plant Selector – Hebe 'Pewter Dome'". https://www.rhs.org.uk/Plants/94166/Hebe-Pewter-Dome/Details. 
  24. ↑ "RHS Plant Selector – Hebe pimeloides 'Quicksilver'". https://www.rhs.org.uk/Plants/93654/Hebe-pimeleoides-Quicksilver/Details. 
  25. ↑ "RHS Plant Selector – Hebe pinguifolia 'Pagei'". https://www.rhs.org.uk/Plants/98167/Hebe-pinguifolia-Pagei/Details. 
  26. ↑ "Hebe 'Pink Eplephant'". RHS. https://www.rhs.org.uk/Plants/138697/Hebe-Pink-Elephant-(v)/Details. 
  27. ↑ "RHS Plant Selector – Hebe rakaiensis". https://www.rhs.org.uk/Plants/8357/Hebe-rakaiensis/Details. 
  28. ↑ "RHS Plant Selector – Hebe recurva 'Boughton Silver'". https://www.rhs.org.uk/Plants/71387/Hebe-recurva-Boughton-Silver/Details. 
  29. ↑ "RHS Plant Selector – Hebe 'Red Edge'". https://www.rhs.org.uk/Plants/98085/Hebe-Red-Edge/Details. 
  30. ↑ "RHS Plant Selector – Hebe 'Sapphire'". https://www.rhs.org.uk/Plants/33840/Hebe-Sapphire/Details. 
  31. ↑ "RHS Plant Selector – Hebe 'Silver Queen'". https://www.rhs.org.uk/Plants/215182/Hebe-Silver-Queen-(v)/Details. 
  32. ↑ "RHS Plant Selector – Hebe topiaria". https://www.rhs.org.uk/Plants/70274/Hebe-topiaria/Details. 
  33. ↑ "RHS Plant Selector – Hebe vernicosa". https://www.rhs.org.uk/Plants/8371/Hebe-vernicosa/Details. 
  34. ↑ "RHS Plantfinder – Hebe ‘Wingletye’". https://www.rhs.org.uk/Plants/92061/i-Hebe-i-Wingletye/Details. 
  35. ↑ "RHS Plant Selector – Hebe 'Wiri Dawn'". https://www.rhs.org.uk/Plants/103596/Hebe-Wiri-Dawn/Details. 
  36. ↑ "RHS Plant Selector – Hebe 'Youngii'". https://www.rhs.org.uk/Plants/90829/Hebe-Youngii/Details. 

External links

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