Biology:Hesperocyparis
| Hesperocyparis | |
|---|---|
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| Hesperocyparis macrocarpa, Monterey cypress | |
Scientific classification 
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| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Clade: | Tracheophytes |
| Clade: | Gymnospermae |
| Division: | Pinophyta |
| Class: | Pinopsida |
| Order: | Cupressales |
| Family: | Cupressaceae |
| Subfamily: | Cupressoideae |
| Genus: | Hesperocyparis Bartel & R.A. Price |
| Type species | |
| Hesperocyparis macrocarpa (Hartweg ex Gordon) Bartel & Price
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| Species | |
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See text | |
| Synonyms | |
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Hesperocyparis (western cypress)[1] is a genus of trees in the family Cupressaceae, containing North American species otherwise assigned to the genus Cupressus.[2] They are found throughout western North America. Only a few species have wide ranges, with most being restricted-range endemics.
Taxonomy
Members of Hesperocyparis were and still are placed in Cupressus by many authorities, but phylogenetic evidence supports a different affinity. A 2021 molecular study found Hesperocyparis to be the sister group to the genus Callitropsis (containing only the Nootka cypress), with this clade being sister to the Asian genus Xanthocyparis, containing only the Vietnamese golden cypress. The clade comprising all three genera was found to be sister to a clade containing Juniperus and Cupressus sensu stricto.[3]
As of 2024 Hesperocyparis is listed as the correct classification by Plants of the World Online,[4] World Flora Online,[5] and the Gymnosperm Database.[6] There is disagreement about this classification, with botanists such as Didier Maerki asserting that the physical similarities and hybrids across some of the genus boundaries prove that Cupressus should be recombined.[7]
At the species level there is also uncertainty as to the number of species. In part this is because the north west of Mexico has not been sufficiently surveyed to give enough information to definitively determine if a number of species there and in the southwestern United States are fully separate species or part of a species complex.[6]
Phylogeny
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Additional species:[4]
- Hesperocyparis abramsiana (C. B. Wolf) Bartel (Santa Cruz cypress)
- Hesperocyparis benthamii (Endl.) Bartel
- Hesperocyparis nevadensis (Abrams) Bartel (Piute cypress)
- Hesperocyparis pygmaea (Lemmon) Bartel (Mendocino cypress)
- Hesperocyparis revealiana (Silba) Silba
References
- ↑ "Hesperocyparis". Natural Resources Conservation Service PLANTS Database. USDA. https://plants.usda.gov/core/profile?symbol=HESPE5.
- ↑ Robert P. Adams, Jim A. Bartel & Robert A. Price (2009). "A new genus, Hesperocyparis, for the cypresses of the Western Hemisphere". Phytologia 91 (1): 160–185. http://www.phytologia.org/uploads/2/3/4/2/23422706/911160-185adamsbartelhesperocyparis.pdf.
- ↑ Stull, Gregory W.; Qu, Xiao-Jian; Parins-Fukuchi, Caroline; Yang, Ying-Ying; Yang, Jun-Bo; Yang, Zhi-Yun; Hu, Yi; Ma, Hong et al. (July 19, 2021). "Gene duplications and phylogenomic conflict underlie major pulses of phenotypic evolution in gymnosperms" (in en). Nature Plants 7 (8): 1015–1025. doi:10.1038/s41477-021-00964-4. ISSN 2055-0278. PMID 34282286. https://www.nature.com/articles/s41477-021-00964-4.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 "Hesperocyparis Bartel & R.A.Price" (in en). Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. http://www.plantsoftheworldonline.org/taxon/60451544-2.
- ↑ Template:Cite WFO
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 Earle, Christopher J.. "Hesperocyparis (New World Cypresses) description" (in en). https://www.conifers.org/cu/Hesperocyparis.php.
- ↑ Mаеrki, Didier (31 January 2017). "Editorial: Recent developments in the taxonomy of the genus Cupressus and consequences for their conservation". Bulletin of the Cupressus Conservation Project 6 (1): 3–24. http://cupressus.net/bulletin/13/BullCCP06_1.pdf. Retrieved 30 January 2024.
- ↑ Stull, Gregory W.; Qu, Xiao-Jian; Parins-Fukuchi, Caroline; Yang, Ying-Ying; Yang, Jun-Bo; Yang, Zhi-Yun; Hu, Yi; Ma, Hong et al. (July 19, 2021). "Gene duplications and phylogenomic conflict underlie major pulses of phenotypic evolution in gymnosperms" (in en). Nature Plants 7 (8): 1015–1025. doi:10.1038/s41477-021-00964-4. ISSN 2055-0278. PMID 34282286. https://www.nature.com/articles/s41477-021-00964-4.
- ↑ Stull, Gregory W. (2021). "main.dated.supermatrix.tree.T9.tre". Figshare. doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.14547354.v1. https://figshare.com/articles/dataset/Gene_duplications_and_genomic_conflict_underlie_major_pulses_of_phenotypic_evolution_in_gymnosperms/14547354.
Wikidata ☰ Q16983101 entry
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