Biology:Hieracium lachenalii

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Short description: Species of flowering plant

Hieracium lachenalii
Scientific classification edit
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Asterids
Order: Asterales
Family: Asteraceae
Genus: Hieracium
Species:
H. lachenalii
Binomial name
Hieracium lachenalii
Suter 1802 not C.C.Gmel. 1808[1]
Hieracium lachenalii distribution
Synonyms[2]

Hieracium lachenalii, also known as common hawkweed or yellow hawkweed, is a species of plant in the tribe Cichorieae within the family Asteraceae. It is native to Europe but has become established as a weed in Australia and parts of North America. The species was widely known for many years as H. vulgatum,[3] but more recent studies have indicated that the two names represent the same species. The name H. lachenalii was coined in 1802,[4] H. vulgatum in 1819,[5] so the older name is to be used.[6]

Description

This common weed can grow and produce flowers on plants that range from 4 inches (10 centimeters) to 36 inches (91 cm) tall. The rhizome is short and stout. The broadly elliptic leaves can be up to 5 inches (13 centimeters) long and taper with teeth towards the base.[7] Each flower head has 40-80 ray florets but no disc florets[8][9] Bracts surround the flower head; the receptacle (basal part of the flower on which the florets are attached) is flat and naked; heads tend to start together then become somewhat solitary on long leafless stems.[8] The stalks below the heads are covered with scattered, simple and gland-tipped black hairs and contain a milky substance.[9]

The pale yellow flowers are produced during all of the summer months. The fruit are dark brown achenes.[7]

Common names

Distribution and habitat

Native to most of Europe,[11] Hieracium lachenalii was introduced to cooler parts of North America,[12] and to Australia.[8] It can sometimes be found in soils that have been disturbed.[13]

Europe

Austria, Belarus , Belgium, Bosnia-Herzegovina, Channel Islands, Republic of Croatia, Corsica, Czech Republic, Denmark , Estonia, France , Finland , Germany , Republic of Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Principality of Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Grand Duchy of Luxemburg, Montenegro, Netherlands, North Macedonia, Republic of North Ossetia–Alania, Norway , Poland , Romania, San Marino, Serbia, Slovenia, Slovakia, Sweden, Switzerland , Ukraine , United Kingdom , Vatican City, and various oblasts of Russia :

  • Arkhangelsk Oblast
  • Astrakhan Oblast
  • Belgorod Oblast
  • Bryansk Oblast
  • Ivanovo Oblast
  • Kaluga Oblast
  • Kirov Oblast
  • Kostroma Oblast
  • Kaliningrad Oblast
  • Krasnodar Krai
  • Kursk Oblast
  • Leningrad Oblast
  • Lipetsk Oblast
  • Moscow Oblast
  • Murmansk Oblast
  • Nizhny Novgorod Oblast
  • Novgorod Oblast
  • Orenburg Oblast
  • Oryol Oblast
  • Penza Oblast
  • Perm Krai
  • Pskov Oblast
  • Rostov Oblast
  • Ryazan Oblast
  • Samara Oblast
  • Saratov Oblast
  • Smolensk Oblast
  • Stavropol Krai
  • Tambov Oblast
  • Tula Oblast
  • Tver Oblast
  • Ulyanovsk Oblast
  • Vladimir Oblast
  • Vologda Oblast
  • Volgograd Oblast
  • Voronezh Oblast
  • Yaroslavl Oblast

and its autonomous republics:

  • Republic of Adygea
  • Republic of Dagestan
  • Republic of Bashkortostan
  • Chechen Republic
  • Chuvashia
  • Republic of Ingushetia
  • Kabardino-Balkar Republic
  • Republic of Kalmykia
  • Karachay–Cherkess Republic
  • Mari El Republic
  • Republic of Karelia
  • Komi Republic
  • Mordovia
  • Republic of Tatarstan
  • Udmurt Republic

[11]

North America

Subarctic America: Greenland.[14]

Canada: British Columbia, New Brunswick, Newfoundland, Nova Scotia, Ontario, Prince Edward Island, Quebec.[14]

United States: Connecticut, Delaware, Maine, Massachusetts , Michigan, Minnesota, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, Vermont, Washington, Wisconsin.[14]

150px150px
Distribution maps of Hieracium lachenalii.

References

  1. ↑ Tropicos, search for Hieracium lachenalii
  2. ↑ The Plant List, Hieracium lachenalii Suter
  3. ↑ Flora of North America, Hieracium vulgatum Fries, 1819.
  4. ↑ The International Plant Names Index, Hieracium lachenalii
  5. ↑ The International Plant Names Index, Hieracium vulgatum
  6. ↑ International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants (Melbourne Code), article 11
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 MSU Board of Trustees; Jesse L Saylor. "MSUplants.com Hieracium lachenalii". msuplants.com/index.html. Michigan State University Department of Horticulture. http://msuplants.com/pd.asp?pid=3104. 
  8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 8.2 Ian Faithfull (2007-09-19). "Hawkweeds: State Prohibited Weed". Information Notes Series. Department of Primary Industries, Victoria, Australia. http://www.dpi.vic.gov.au/DPI/nreninf.nsf/childdocs/-9B2A7AB4FD562D03CA256BC800058E91-FAE39D5678422E99CA256BC800062A59-663C5274163D2336CA256E8D001EFC6C-A348BEAAE2BC7393CA256D4A000C59A3?open. 
  9. ↑ 9.0 9.1 Mrs. M. Grieve (1933). "Hawkweed, Wood". A Modern Herbal. Botanical.com. http://www.botanical.com/botanical/mgmh/h/hawwee07.html. 
  10. ↑ Az ANP (valamint a Gömör-Tornai-karszt magyarországi részének) taxonlistája
  11. ↑ 11.0 11.1 11.2 "Details for: Hieracium lachenalii". The Euro+Med Plantbase. Botanic Garden and Botanical Museum Berlin-Dahlem. June 5, 2007. http://ww2.bgbm.org/EuroPlusMed/PTaxonDetail.asp?NameCache&61%3BHieracium&32%3Blachenalii&PTRefFk&61%3B7000000. [yes|permanent dead link|dead link}}]
  12. ↑ Biota of North America Program 2014 state-level distribution map
  13. ↑ Paul Slichter. "Common Hawkweed". Wildflowers of the Genus Hieracium:Hawkweeds of the Columbia River Gorge. http://ghs.gresham.k12.or.us/science/ps/nature/gorge/sun/dandy/hieracium/hieracvulgatum.htm. "Common hawkweed may be found in disturbed soils." 
  14. ↑ 14.0 14.1 14.2 {{citation | mode = cs1 | title = Hieracium lachenalii | work = Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN) | url = | publisher = [[Organization:Agricultural Research ServAgricultural Research Service (ARS), United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) | access-date = 2007-12-14 }}

Wikidata ☰ Q1521028 entry



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