Biology:Histochemical tracer
A histochemical tracer is a substance used to reveal the location of cells and track neuronal projections. A neuronal tracer may be retrograde, anterograde, or work in both directions. A retrograde tracer is taken up in the terminal of the neuron and transported to the cell body, whereas an anterograde tracer moves away from the cell body of the neuron.[1][2]
List
Small molecules:
- DiI (DiC18(3)) - evenly bidirectional[1]
- Diamidino yellow - evenly bidirectional
- Fast blue - evenly bidirectional
- Hydroxystilbamidine - retrograde
- Texas Red
- Fluorescein isothiocyanate
Biopolymers:
- Biotinylated dextran amine (BDA) - evenly bidirectional[2]
- Horseradish peroxidase - retrograde
- Cholera toxin B (CtB)[3][4][5] - retrograde and anterograde[1]
Viral/other genetic constructs:
- Pseudorabies virus - retrograde[3]
- HSV-1 - anterograde
The noted directionalities are also not always pure, especially in the case of CtB which is conventionally used retrograde, and BDA is conventionally used anterograde. Most non-genetic tracers can also be taken up by fibers of passage, causing mislabeling (this also applies to canine adenovirus). The spread of the non-genetic tracer around the injection site results in a diffuse and intense labeling.[2]
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Saleeba, Christine; Dempsey, Bowen; Le, Sheng; Goodchild, Ann; McMullan, Simon (27 Aug 2019). "A Student's Guide to Neural Circuit Tracing". Frontiers in Neuroscience 13. doi:10.3389/fnins.2019.00897. ISSN 1662-4548. PMID 31507369.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Saleeba, C; Dempsey, B; Le, S; Goodchild, A; McMullan, S (2020). "Corrigendum: A Student's Guide to Neural Circuit Tracing.". Frontiers in Neuroscience 14. doi:10.3389/fnins.2020.00177. PMID 32210751.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 "Tracing from fat tissue, liver, and pancreas: a neuroanatomical framework for the role of the brain in type 2 diabetes". Endocrinology 147 (3): 1140–1147. March 2006. doi:10.1210/en.2005-0667. PMID 16339209.
- ↑ "Anterograde axonal tracing with the subunit B of cholera toxin: a highly sensitive immunohistochemical protocol for revealing fine axonal morphology in adult and neonatal brains". Journal of Neuroscience Methods 65 (1): 101–112. March 1996. doi:10.1016/0165-0270(95)00155-7. PMID 8815303.
- ↑ "Anatomical origins of ocular dominance in mouse primary visual cortex". Neuroscience 161 (2): 561–571. June 2009. doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2009.03.045. PMID 19327388.
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