Biology:Homoptera
Homoptera is a suborder of order Hemiptera that is considered by some taxonomists to be paraphyletic, and therefore deprecated (obsolete).[1][2][3] It was therefore split into the suborders Sternorrhyncha, Auchenorrhyncha, and Coleorrhyncha.[4][5] The earlier work was based on nuclear DNA, but more recent [when?] phylogenetic analysis using mitochondrial DNA suggest that Homoptera may be a monophyletic group after all, a sister group of Heteroptera.[6] The cause of the disparity in the analyses is suggested to be the long branch attraction effect in phylogenetic analysis, due to rapidly evolving DNA regions.[6]
The Homoptera include the aphids, scale insects, cicadas, and leafhoppers, which all have sucking mouthparts.
References
- ↑ Dudley R. (2002). The biomechanics of insect flight: Form, function, evolution. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press. p 184. ISBN:0-691-09491-8.
- ↑ Von Dohlen, CD; Moran, NA (1995). "Molecular phylogeny of the Homoptera: a paraphyletic taxon". Journal of Molecular Evolution 41 (2): 211–223. doi:10.1007/BF00170675. PMID 7666451. Bibcode: 1995JMolE..41..211V. http://ag.udel.edu/delpha/1158.pdf. Retrieved 2011-05-24.
- ↑ Gullan, PJ (1999). "Why the taxon Homoptera does not exist". Entomologica 33: 101–104. http://169.237.77.3/gullanandcranstonlab/Gullanpdfs/Homoptera.pdf.
- ↑ Schuh, Randall T.; Slater, James Alexander (1995). True bugs of the world (Hemiptera: Heteroptera): classification and natural history. Ithaca, New York: Cornell University Press. pp. 4–5. ISBN 978-0-8014-2066-5.
- ↑ Cobben, René Hubert (1978). Evolutionary trends in Heteroptera, part 2: mouthpart-structures and feeding strategies. Verslagen van landbouwkundige onderzoekingen, number 707. Wageningen, Netherlands: H. Veenman for Centrum voor Landbouwpublikaties en Landbouwdocumentatie (Centre for Agricultural Publishing and Documentation). p. 7. OCLC 852739989.
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 Song, N.; Liang, A.-P.; Bu, C.-P. (2012). "A Molecular Phylogeny of Hemiptera Inferred from Mitochondrial Genome Sequences". PLOS ONE 7 (11): e48778. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0048778. PMID 23144967. Bibcode: 2012PLoSO...748778S.
Wikidata ☰ Q921647 entry
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