Biology:Hydrangea arborescens
| Hydrangea arborescens | |
|---|---|
| |
Scientific classification 
| |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Clade: | Tracheophytes |
| Clade: | Angiosperms |
| Clade: | Eudicots |
| Clade: | Asterids |
| Order: | Cornales |
| Family: | Hydrangeaceae |
| Genus: | Hydrangea |
| Species: | H. arborescens
|
| Binomial name | |
| Hydrangea arborescens | |
Hydrangea arborescens, commonly known as smooth hydrangea, wild hydrangea, sevenbark, or in some cases,[clarification needed] sheep flower, is a species of flowering plant in the family Hydrangeaceae. It is a small- to medium-sized, multi-stemmed, deciduous shrub up to 2 m (7 ft) tall [2] that is native to the eastern United States.[3]
Description
The inflorescence is a corymb up to 15 centimetres (5.9 in) wide. Showy, sterile flowers are usually absent or if present they are usually less than 1 cm in diameter on the edge of the panicles.[3] Flowering occurs May to July. Fruit is a ribbed, brown capsule about 2 mm long. Many are produced in October and persist through the winter.[2]
The leaves are large (8 to 18 cm long), opposite, serrated, ovate, and deciduous. The lower leaf surface is glabrous or with inconspicuous fine hairs, appearing green; trichomes of the lower surface are restricted to the midrib and major veins.
The stem bark has a peculiar tendency to peel off in several successive thin layers with different colors, hence the common name "sevenbark".[4]
Smooth hydrangea can spread rapidly by stolons to form colonies.[5]
Taxonomy
At one time both ashy hydrangea (Hydrangea cinerea) and silverleaf hydrangea (Hydrangea radiata) were considered subspecies of smooth hydrangea.[6] However, most taxonomists now consider them to be separate species.[3][7]
Distribution and habitat
Smooth hydrangea is widely distributed across the eastern United States—from southern New York to the panhandle of Florida, west to eastern Oklahoma and southeastern Kansas. It is mainly found in moist soils under a hardwood forest canopy and is often common along woodland road banks and streams.[8] It is common in the Delaware River Valley and in the Appalachian Mountains.[3][4]
It is a host plant of the hydrangea sphinx moth.
Uses
This attractive shrub is often cultivated for ornamental use.[9] In the UK the cultivar 'Annabelle' has gained the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit.[10][11] The cultivar 'Grandiflora' has inflorescences which resemble snowballs, similar to Viburnum opulus 'Roseum'.
Smooth hydrangea root was used medicinally by the Cherokee, and later, by early settlers for treatment of kidney and bladder stones.[12][13]
It has additionally been marked as a pollinator plant, supporting and attracting bees and butterflies.[14]
Gallery
'Annabelle'
'Grandiflora'
Leaf adaxial side.
Leaf abaxial side.
References
- ↑ "USDA Natural Resources Conservation Services: Plant Profiles. Hydrangea arborescens L". Plants.usda.gov. http://plants.usda.gov/java/profile?symbol=HYAR. Retrieved 2014-06-30.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Cole; Witsell; Gentry (2020). Trees Shrubs and Woody Vines of Arkansas. The Ozark Society Foundation. pp. 252-253. ISBN 9780912456003.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 "Weakley, Alan S. 2008 (working draft). Flora of Carolinas, Virginia, Georgia, northern Florida, and surrounding areas. University of North Carolina Herbarium". Herbarium.unc.edu. 2012-10-02. http://herbarium.unc.edu/flora.htm. Retrieved 2014-06-30.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 "Purdue University: Horticulture and Landscape Architecture. Smooth Hydrangea". Hort.purdue.edu. 1998-04-03. http://www.hort.purdue.edu/newcrop/herbhunters/hydrangea.html. Retrieved 2014-06-30.
- ↑ "Missouri Botanical Garden: Hydrangea arborescens". Mobot.org. http://www.mobot.org/gardeninghelp/PlantFinder/Plant.asp?code=K520. Retrieved 2014-06-30.
- ↑ McClintock, E. 1957. A monograph of the genus Hydrangea. Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences 29: 147-256.
- ↑ Pilatowski, Ronald E. A taxonomic study of the Hydrangea arborescens complex. Castanea 47: 84-98.
- ↑ Lance, Ron. 2004 Woody Plants of the southeastern United States: A winter guide. The University of Georgia Press. 456 p.
- ↑ Dirr, Michael A. hydrangeas for American gardens. Timber Press. 240 p.
- ↑ "RHS Plantfinder - Hydrangea arborescens 'Annabelle'". https://www.rhs.org.uk/Plants/63034/i-Hydrangea-arborescens-i-Annabelle/Details. Retrieved 7 March 2018.
- ↑ "AGM Plants - Ornamental". Royal Horticultural Society. July 2017. p. 51. https://www.rhs.org.uk/plants/pdfs/agm-lists/agm-ornamentals.pdf. Retrieved 7 March 2018.
- ↑ "Mrs. M. Grieve. A Modern Herbal. Hydrangea arborescens". Botanical.com. http://www.botanical.com/botanical/mgmh/h/hydran45.html. Retrieved 2014-06-30.
- ↑ "Plants for a Future: Hydrangea arborescens ;". pfaf.org. http://www.pfaf.org/database/plants.php?Hydrangea+arborescens. Retrieved 2015-12-23.
- ↑ "Planting Guides" (in en-US). https://www.pollinator.org/pollinator.org/assets/generalFiles/OzarkBroadleafrx1FINAL_171017_085901.pdf.
External links
- Cook, Will. Trees, shrubs, and woody vines of North Carolina. Wild Hydrangea (Hydrangea arborescens).
- Information on cultivar Annabelle
- Hydrangea arborescens Large-format diagnostic photos and information
- Hydrangea Thoughts I - Informative but non-scholarly essay on Hydrangea (Culture, History and Etymology).
- Briartech.com: Smooth Hydrangea, Hydrangea arborescens.
Wikidata ☰ Q278173 entry
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