Biology:IGHE
 Generic protein structure example |
Ig epsilon chain C region is a protein that in humans is encoded by the IGHE gene.[1]
Function
IGHE (Immunoglobulin Heavy constant Epsilon), (located on chromosome 14 for humans) has been predicted to enable antigen binding activity and immunoglobulin receptor binding activity. Predicted to be involved in several processes, including activation of immune response; defense response to other organism; and phagocytosis. IGHE has also been predicted to be located in extracellular region, a part of immunoglobulin complex, circulating, and active in external side of plasma membrane. [2]
Structure
- IGHE (immunoglobulin heavy constant epsilon): The gene that encodes the ε heavy chain constant region for the IgE antibody. This gene is critical for the production and function of IgE in the body. The IGHE gene provides instructions for making a part of an antibody (immunoglobulin) called Immunoglobulin E, or IgE.[3]
- IGHE is a type of functioning gene, with four Ig domains, member of the IGH constant gene cluster (component on the cluster), forming an homodimer of two E heavy chains bound by two disulfide bonds, each heavy chain is bound to a light chain (kappa or lambda), the N terminus of the heavy chain is bound to a V segment.[4]
Alergies
Immunoglobulins also known as antibodies, are glycoprotein molecules produced by plasma cells (white blood cells[5]). They act as a critical part of the immune response by specifically recognizing and binding to particular antigens, such as bacteria or viruses, and aiding in their destruction.[6] Immunoglobulin E (IgE) are antibodies produced by the immune system.
Each type of IgE has specific "radar" for each type of allergen. That's why some people are only allergic to cat dander (they only have the IgE antibodies specific to cat dander); while others have allergic reactions to multiple allergens because they have many more types of IgE antibodies.[7]
IgE-mediated food allergies is when the immune system reacts abnormally when exposed to one or more specific foods such as milk, egg, wheat or nuts. All of these foods can trigger anaphylaxis (a severe, whole-body allergic reaction) in patients who are allergic. Individuals with this type of food allergy will react quickly — within a few minutes to a few hours. Immediate reactions are caused by an allergen-specific immunoglobulin E (IgE) antibody that floats around in the blood stream. Another useful tool in diagnosing and managing food allergies is blood testing, called allergen-specific IgE testing. This test measures the level of antibody produced in the blood in response to a food allergen.[8]
References
- ↑ "Entrez Gene: IGHE immunoglobulin heavy constant epsilon". https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=3497.
- ↑ "IGHE immunoglobulin heavy constant epsilon [Homo sapiens (human) - Gene - NCBI"]. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/3497#summary.
- ↑ "UniProt". https://www.uniprot.org/uniprotkb/P01854/entry.
- ↑ "Genatlas sheet". http://genatlas.medecine.univ-paris5.fr/fiche.php?n=2553.
- ↑ "Introduction to Immunoglobulins - US" (in en). https://www.thermofisher.com/us/en/home/life-science/antibodies/antibodies-learning-center/antibodies-resource-library/antibody-methods/introduction-immunoglobulins.html.
- ↑ "Introduction to Immunoglobulins - US" (in en). https://www.thermofisher.com/us/en/home/life-science/antibodies/antibodies-learning-center/antibodies-resource-library/antibody-methods/introduction-immunoglobulins.html.
- ↑ "Immunoglobulin E (IgE) Defined". https://www.aaaai.org/tools-for-the-public/allergy,-asthma-immunology-glossary/immunoglobulin-e-(ige)-defined#:~:text=If%20you%20have%20an%20allergy,throat%2C%20or%20on%20the%20skin..
- ↑ "IgE-Mediated Food Allergies" (in en). The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia. 2014-03-30. https://www.chop.edu/conditions-diseases/ige-mediated-food-allergies.
Further reading
- "The B-cell antigen receptor of the five immunoglobulin classes". Nature 352 (6338): 777–781. August 1991. doi:10.1038/352777a0. PMID 1881434. Bibcode: 1991Natur.352..777V.
- "A model of the Fc of immunoglobulin E". Molecular Immunology 23 (10): 1063–1075. October 1986. doi:10.1016/0161-5890(86)90005-2. PMID 3796618.
- "The sequence of a human immunoglobulin epsilon heavy chain constant region gene, and evidence for three non-allelic genes". The EMBO Journal 1 (5): 655–660. 1984. doi:10.1002/j.1460-2075.1982.tb01223.x. PMID 6234164.
- "Duplication and deletion in the human immunoglobulin epsilon genes". Cell 29 (2): 691–699. June 1982. doi:10.1016/0092-8674(82)90185-4. PMID 6288268.
- "Nucleotide sequence of a human immunoglobulin C gamma 4 gene". DNA 1 (1): 11–18. 1983. doi:10.1089/dna.1.1981.1.11. PMID 6299662.
- "Molecular cloning and nucleotide sequencing of human immunoglobulin epsilon chain cDNA". Nucleic Acids Research 11 (3): 719–726. February 1983. doi:10.1093/nar/11.3.719. PMID 6300763.
- "Long terminal repeat-like elements flank a human immunoglobulin epsilon pseudogene that lacks introns". The EMBO Journal 1 (12): 1539–1544. 1984. doi:10.1002/j.1460-2075.1982.tb01352.x. PMID 6327276.
- "Structure of the human immunoglobulin C epsilon 2 gene, a truncated pseudogene: implications for its evolutionary origin". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 80 (10): 2995–2999. May 1983. doi:10.1073/pnas.80.10.2995. PMID 6407005.
- "Mechanisms of divergence and convergence of the human immunoglobulin alpha 1 and alpha 2 constant region gene sequences". Cell 36 (3): 681–688. March 1984. doi:10.1016/0092-8674(84)90348-9. PMID 6421489.
- "Linkage and sequence homology of two human immunoglobulin gamma heavy chain constant region genes". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 79 (6): 1984–1988. March 1982. doi:10.1073/pnas.79.6.1984. PMID 6804948. Bibcode: 1982PNAS...79.1984E.
- "Cloning and sequence determination of the gene for the human immunoglobulin epsilon chain expressed in a myeloma cell line". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 79 (21): 6661–6665. November 1982. doi:10.1073/pnas.79.21.6661. PMID 6815656.
- "Molecular characterization of an autoallergen, Hom s 1, identified by serum IgE from atopic dermatitis patients". The Journal of Investigative Dermatology 111 (6): 1178–1183. December 1998. doi:10.1046/j.1523-1747.1998.00413.x. PMID 9856836.
- "Positive association to IgE levels and a physical map of the 13q14 atopy locus". European Journal of Human Genetics 10 (4): 266–270. April 2002. doi:10.1038/sj.ejhg.5200801. PMID 12032735.
- "Mutational analysis of major, sequential IgE-binding epitopes in alpha s1-casein, a major cow's milk allergen". The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 112 (2): 433–437. August 2003. doi:10.1067/mai.2003.1617. PMID 12897753.
- "Synthesis of IL-13 by human B lymphocytes: regulation and role in IgE production". The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 114 (3): 657–663. September 2004. doi:10.1016/j.jaci.2004.05.034. PMID 15356573.
- "Allergen drives class switching to IgE in the nasal mucosa in allergic rhinitis". Journal of Immunology 174 (8): 5024–5032. April 2005. doi:10.4049/jimmunol.174.8.5024. PMID 15814733.
- "A hexanucleotide repeat upstream of eotaxin gene promoter is associated with asthma, serum total IgE and plasma eotaxin levels". Journal of Medical Genetics 44 (6): 397–403. June 2007. doi:10.1136/jmg.2006.046607. PMID 17220216.
 |  |
