Biology:Ichthyosauriformes
The Ichthyosauriformes are a group of marine reptiles, belonging to the Ichthyosauromorpha, that lived during the Mesozoic. Members of this group may be informally termed ichthyosaurs,[1] though this term is also used for the smaller group Ichthyopterygia.[2]
The stem clade Ichthyosauriformes was in 2014 defined by Ryosuke Motani and colleagues as the group consisting of all ichthyosauromorphs that are more closely related to Ichthyosaurus communis than to Hupehsuchus nanchangensis. Their synapomorphies include the possession of a long nasal bone, stretching to the front beyond the nostril; large scleral rings, filling the eye sockets; a narrow snout in top view; and converging digits with little space between them.
The Ichthyosauriformes probably split off in the Early Triassic, about 250 million years ago; the last known forms lived in the middle Cretaceous. A basal ichthyosauriform is Cartorhynchus; more derived species are part of the Ichthyopterygia which again include the Ichthyosauria.
References
- ↑ Gutarra, S.; Moon, B. C.; Rahman, I. A.; Palmer, C.; Lautenschlager, S.; Brimacombe, A. J.; Benton, M. J. (2019). "Effects of body plan evolution on the hydrodynamic drag and energy requirements of swimming in ichthyosaurs". Proceedings of the Royal Society B 286 (1898). doi:10.1098/rspb.2018.2786. PMID 30836867.
- ↑ Motani, R. (2005). "Evolution of fish-shaped reptiles (Reptilia: Ichthyopterygia) in their physical environments and constraints". Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences 33: 395–420. doi:10.1146/annurev.earth.33.092203.122707. Bibcode: 2005AREPS..33..395M. http://mygeologypage.ucdavis.edu/motani//pdf/Motani2005AnnRev.pdf.
Literature
- Motani, R., Jiang, D.-Y., Chen, G.-B., Tintori, A., Rieppel, O., Ji, C., and Huang J.-D., 2014, "A basal ichthyosauriform with a short snout from the Lower Triassic of China", Nature. doi:10.1038/nature13866
Template:Ichthyosauromorpha Wikidata ☰ Q18534271 entry
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